Asia Regional Integration Center - Regional Public Goods

One of ADB’s priorities is the promotion of clean energy where over one-fourth or 27% of the total approved loans in 2008 supported projects with clean energy components. ADB’s Clean Energy Program is multi-faceted - it seeks to increase energy efficiency and the adoption of renewable energy technologies and to improve access to energy for the poor and remote households in the Asia Pacific Region. The Clean Energy Program aims to lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions while continuing to support projects that induce economic growth. ADB’s newly approved 2009 Energy Policy targets the annual lending for related programs to $2 billion by 2013. ADB’s energy programs include:

Energy Efficiency Initiative (EEI) - Advancing Energy Efficiency and Low-Carbon Energy Sources
Carbon Market Initiative (CMI) - Harnessing the Carbon market
Sustainable Transport Initiative - Enabling Sustainable Transport Policies and Applying Efficient Systems
Energy for All Initiative - Providing Modern Energy Access to the Poor
Cities Development Initiative for Asia (CDIA) - Promoting Improved Urban Sanitation and Reduction of Fugitive Methane Emissions.

For more information, please visit ADB’s Energy Programs: http://www.adb.org/Clean-Energy/programs.asp.


		Level versus equivalent intensity carbon mitigation commitments Tian, Huifang and John Whalley Working Paper, National Bureau of Economic Research (September 2009)
		Why have CO2 emissions increased in the transport sector in Asia? Underlying factors and policy options Timilsina, Govinda R. and Ashish Shrestha Working Paper, World Bank (September 2009)
		An analysis of various policy instruments to reduce congestion, fuel consumption and CO2 emissions in Beijing Anas, Alex, Govinda R. Timilsina and Siqi Zheng Working Paper, World Bank (September 2009)
		The challenges of climate for energy markets Brennan, Timothy J. Discussion Paper, Resources for the Future (01 September 2009)
		Powering the poor: Projects to increase access to clean energy for all Report, Asian Development Bank (June 2009)
		Building a sustainable energy future: The Greater Mekong Subregion Report, Asian Development Bank (June 2009)
		Electric bikes in the People�s Republic of China: impact on the environment and prospects for growth Report, Asian Development Bank (June 2009)
		Energy efficiency economics and policy Gillingham, Kenneth, Richard G. Newell, and Karen Palmer Working Paper, National Bureau of Economic Research (June 2009)
		The economics of renewable energy Heal, Geoffrey Working Paper, National Bureau of Economic Research (June 2009)
		Alternative pollution control policies in developing countries: informal, informational, and voluntary Blackman, Allen Discussion Paper, Resources for the Future (June 2009)
		Carbon capture and storage in China Findlay, Matthew, Nick Mabey, Russell Marsh, and Shinwei Ng, Shane Briefing Note, Germanwatch (May 2009)
		Energy efficiency: efficiency or monopsony? Brennan, Timothy J. Discussion Paper, Resources for the Future (May 2009)
		Restoring balance: Bangladesh rural energy realities Barnes, Douglas F., M. Asaduzzaman, and Shahidur R. Khandker Book, Energy Tribune (March 2009)
		Improving energy security and reducing carbon intensity in Asia and the Pacific Report, Asian Development Bank (2009)
		Global trends in sustainable energy investment 2009: analysis of trends and issues in the financing of renewable energy and energy efficiency Greenwood, Chris, Eric Usher and Virginia Sonntag-O�Brien Report, United Nations Environment Programme (2009)
		Energy efficiency assessment by life cycle simulation of cassava-based fuel ethanol for automotive use in Chinese Guangxi context Yu, Suiran and Jing Tao Paper, sciencedirect.com (13 November 2008)
		A resource and technology assessment of coal utilization in India Chikkatur, Ananth P. Paper, Pew Center on Global Climate Change (October 2008)
		Comparison of legislative climate change targets World Resources Institute Analysis, World Resources Institute (18 June 2008)
		The bottom line on carbon taxes World Resources Institute Background Information, World Resources Institute (June 2008)
		The bottom line on cap-and-trade World Resources Institute Background Information, World Resources Institute (June 2008)
		China's booming energy efficiency industry Cheung, Ray and Aram Kang Article, World Resources Institute (May 2008)
		Forest and energy: key issues Paper, Food and Agriculture Organization (2008)
		Energy efficiency policies around the world: review and evaluation Report, World Energy Council (2008)
		Emissions trading: trends and prospects Reinaud, Julia and C�dric Philibert Paper, International Energy Agency (December 2007)
		Clean energy applications in Asia and the Pacific Report, Asian Development Bank (2006)


		South Korea to donate US$20 million to set up ADB Carbon Fund Bernama (19 November 2009)
		ADB plans to increase clean-energy lending after Kyoto Protocol Bloomberg (18 November 2009)
		Philippines eyes multilateral financing for $2.78-billion Clean Technology Fund The Philippine Star (17 November 2009)
		South Korea sets greenhouse gas reduction target The Times of India (17 November 2009)
		China: "Kyoto principles" crucial in climate talks Reuters (14 November 2009)
		China to become 'global leader in green tech' physorg.com (14 November 2009)
		Korea joins ADB's Future Carbon Fund with $20 million commitment Asian Development Bank (13 November 2009)
		Japan greenhouse emissions fell 6.2 percent last year Reuters (11 November 2009)
		Making climate change finance work for India livemint.com (10 November 2009)
		China pushes CO2 capture, storage questions loom Reuters (04 November 2009)
		Viet Nam attends Pacific Energy Summit in Japan VOV News (04 November 2009)
		Asia-Pacific must invest up to $9.7 trillion by 2030 to meet energy needs Asian Development Bank (03 November 2009)
		China urged to adopt tougher CO2 target Reuters (03 November 2009)
		Brunei to debut handbook on energy efficiency Brudirect (03 November 2009)
		Philippine energy demand needs $104 billion investment Business Mirror (03 November 2009)
		ADB: Sustainable urbanization key to sustainable growth environmental-expert.com (03 November 2009)
		Renewable energy grow slowly in Asia-Pacific region Renewable Energy Focus (03 November 2009)
		China's renewable curbs a boon to big players Reuters (29 October 2009)
		US seeks more clean energy market access in China Reuters (28 October 2009)
		Renewable energy takes five percent of Asian Development Bank funding Renewable Energy Focus (28 October 2009)
		Market promoters see more carbon trading in Asia The Philippine Star (27 October 2009)
		Philippines: ADB asked to grant loan for power plant Manila Bulletin (26 October 2009)
		Carbon market will do well but �may run out of time� The Malaysian Insider (26 October 2009)
		UN official: Sharing clean energy technologies crucial in climate change fight UN News Centre (22 October 2009)
		Taiwan plans taxes for energy and CO2 emissions by 2011 Business Green (20 October 2009)
		Chinese president stresses development of renewable energy Xinhua News Agency (19 October 2009)
		The way to low-carbon economy Xinhua News Agency (19 October 2009)
		Bangladesh: $130 million ADB loan to improve public health services The Daily Star (15 October 2009)
		Borneo alliance needed for carbon trading Brudirect (15 October 2009)
		ADB: Central Asia to endorse energy action plan Xinhua News Agency (14 October 2009)
		Carbon capture shows major potential in China physorg.com (14 October 2009)
		Pakistan: ADB slams rental power plants Dawn (01 October 2009)
		Philippines: $8 billion needed to hit renewable energy goal Inquirer.net (30 September 2009)
		Converting trash into biofuel may cut CO2 emissions by 80 percent The Times of India (30 September 2009)
		Indonesia CO2 pledge to help climate talks Reuters (29 September 2009)
		ADB funds to improve health and environment services in Bangladesh Asian Development Bank (28 September 2009)
		China eyes emission trading as part of economic development plan Business Green (28 September 2009)
		Switch to energy-efficient lights to bring Philippines billion-dollar windfall Asian Development Bank (26 September 2009)
		Philippines can earn $1 billion from renewable energy Philippine Information Agency (24 September 2009)
		South Korea to announce emissions targets this year Reuters (23 September 2009)
		China aims to source 15 percent of energy from renewables by 2020 New Energy Focus (23 September 2009)
		Philippines: Renewable energy body formed Inquirer.net (21 September 2009)
		Minister: Japan to propose green technology, funding Reuters (20 September 2009)
		ADB lends Viet Nam US$151 million to develop renewable energy and rural electrification Nhan Dan (18 September 2009)
		ADB to extend $780 million to Pakistan for energy efficiency Asian Development Bank (17 September 2009)
		Philippines: DOE signs seven contracts for renewable-energy projects Business Mirror (14 September 2009)
		ADB, Japan target low-cost, reliable power for poor Mongolian communities Asian Development Bank (11 September 2009)
		UN panel approves Chinese wind farms for financing Reuters (11 September 2009)
		Stern: Emissions per person in parts of China above rich nations TerraDaily (11 September 2009)
		Study: Wind could cut China's emissions by 30 percent boston.com (10 September 2009)
		China is working on multiple approaches to increase it renewable energy capacity Daily Tech (09 September 2009)
		India to set industry efficiency targets by December, 2010 Reuters (07 September 2009)
		ADB supports clean waste-to-energy project in the PRC Asian Development Bank (03 September 2009)
		Clean coal in China said to face �staggering� costs Bloomberg (03 September 2009)
		Officials: China still wary about industry CO2 cuts Reuters (03 September 2009)
		Thailand eyes clean technology fund and a low-carbon future penki.lt (01 September 2009)
		Indonesia says 60 percent cut in carbon emissions possible Business Green (28 August 2009)
		Official: Indonesia able to reduce carbon emission by 60 percent until 2030 Xinhua News Agency (27 August 2009)
		China says must reduce emissions, but mentions no targets Yahoo News (27 August 2009)
		China considering renewable energy development fund Xinhua News Agency (24 August 2009)
		The renewable landscape: a look at clean energy in Asia Reuters (19 August 2009)
		South Korea hopes to become Asia's carbon trading hub Reuters - India (19 August 2009)
		Taiwan to invest $1.4 billion in renewable energy Reuters (18 August 2009)
		China to debate 2030 emission cuts deadline guardian.co.uk (18 August 2009)
		Prime Minister: India must tread 'greener' path to growth Google News (18 August 2009)
		Solar power brings light to Bangladesh villages Cop15.dk (18 August 2009)
		Philippines: Renewable energy tapped to complete electrification Manila Bulletin (17 August 2009)
		China study urges greenhouse gas caps, peak in 2030 Reuters (17 August 2009)
		China won't start cutting emissions till 2050 Radio New Zealand (15 August 2009)
		ADB to help deliver renewable energy to the Pacific Asian Development Bank (13 August 2009)
		China signals long-term plans to control greenhouse gases Reuters (12 August 2009)
		China to unveil plan for "new energy" by year-end Reuters (10 August 2009)
		Report estimates Japan's carbon reduction policy will cost $515 billion over 10 years Business Green (06 August 2009)
		Bangladesh launches $29 million fund for green energy Reuters (05 August 2009)
		South Korea says to set 2020 emissions target Reuters (03 August 2009)
		India to enforce energy efficiency in climate fight Reuters (03 August 2009)
		China energy efficiency 'improves in first half' Google News (02 August 2009)
		Beijing closing coal plants in environmental move Yahoo News (30 July 2009)
		Energy efficiency could save US $600 billion Reuters (29 July 2009)
		India to unveil 20GW solar target under climate plan Reuters (28 July 2009)
		Australia, ADB setup A$21.5 million carbon capture, storage fund Asian Development Bank (27 July 2009)
		Government: India not to succumb to pressure on carbon emission pact India Times (27 July 2009)
		Tuvalu aims for carbon neutrality Cop15.dk (21 July 2009)
		Study: Biofuels 'done right' can curb greenhouse gas emissions physorg.com (16 July 2009)
		Energy efficiency: What is a negawatt and what role does energy efficiency play in slowing climate change? guardian.co.uk (16 July 2009)
		US officials: China emissions cap an open question Reuters (15 July 2009)
		Philippines: Two billion peso trust fund for renewable energy set The Philippine Star (12 July 2009)
		New method may help allocate carbon emissions responsibility among nations physorg.com (06 July 2009)
		Nuclear energy a "green" option in Asia Cop15.dk (22 June 2009)
		Nuclear power emerges as green option for Asia Xinhua News Agency (20 June 2009)
		New ADB policy targets secure, clean energy for Asia Asian Development Bank (19 June 2009)
		New partnership aims to expand access to modern energy to 100 million people by 2015 Asian Development Bank (17 June 2009)
		ADB aims to double clean energy investments in Asia to $2 billion a year Asian Development Bank (17 June 2009)
		Taiwan green energy industry set to boom after new law enacted Taiwan News (14 June 2009)
		China launches green power revolution to catch up on west guardian.co.uk (09 June 2009)
		Renewable energy funding down 70 percent in Asia Business Report (07 June 2009)
		New energy seen as new growth engine China Daily (02 June 2009)
		ADB calls for low-carbon transport systems The Times of India (30 May 2009)
		Study: 'Rebound effects' of energy efficiency could halve carbon savings guardian.co.uk (14 May 2009)
		Developer: UN CO2 scheme needs energy efficiency focus Reuters (07 May 2009)
		Workshop on energy efficient lighting in Sri Lanka Daily News (29 April 2009)
		Energy official: Philippines to slash coal use Yahoo News (28 April 2009)


		China: Tower of power Time (02 November 2009)
		Asia's difficult promise of clean energy Asia Sentinel (19 October 2009)
		Will China's planned solar field lower the cost of alternative energy? physorg.com (14 September 2009)
		Global problems and green industry Manila Bulletin (09 September 2009)
		Renewable energy hurdles Inquirer.net (03 September 2009)
		Clean water, energy for Indonesia VOA News (25 August 2009)
		The great paradox of China: green energy and black skies Reuters (18 August 2009)
		Reducing ship emissions VOA News (09 July 2009)


		Clean Energy Expo Asia 2009 Shangri-La Hotel, Singapore (18 - 20 November 2009)
		4th Asia Clean Energy Forum 2009: Investing in Solutions that Address Climate Change and Energy Security ADB Headquarters, Manila, Philippines (17 - 19 June 2009)
		High Level Dialogue: Climate Change in Asia and the Pacific - A Development Challenge ADB Headquarters, Manila, Philippines (16 - 17 June 2009)