"Cumulative Output Loss from Recessions, 1981–2017 (% of peak real GDP, median)" "Figure 1.4" Developing Asia,5.6,,,,,, Advanced economies,3.3,,,,,, ,,,,,,, "GDP = gross domestic product. Notes: (i) A recession is defined as the time (i.e., number of quarters) between the local peak and local trough as defined in ADB Institute (2009). (ii) The cumulative loss was computed by estimating the median real GDP loss (expressed as % of peak GDP) during the recession periods using quarterly seasonally adjusted real GDP data in $, 2010 prices. (iii) The sample for developing Asia includes Hong Kong, China; India; Indonesia; Malaysia; the People’s Republic of China; the Philippines; Singapore; Taipei,China; and Thailand. The sample for advanced economies includes Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United States, and the United Kingdom. "Source: ADB calculations using data from Oxford Economics (accessed July 2018); and methodology by ADB Institute (2009)." Asian Economic Integration Report | Data Catalogue Asia Regional Integration Center. Economic Research and Development Impact Department (ERDI). ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK