A compilation of all figures and tables from the Asian Economic Integration Reports. Download data in CSV or follow links to view specific figure or table from the report.
ADB calculations using data from International Monetary Fund. World Economic Outlook October 2019 Database. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/index.aspx (accessed October 2019); and World Trade Organization. Statistics Database. http://stat.wto.org/Home/WSDBHome.aspx (accessed April 2019).
Author:
Jong Woo Kang / Kang, Asian Development Bank ADB Paul Mariano / Mariano, ADB
Merchandise Trade Volume and Real GDP Growth—World
ADB calculations using data from International Monetary Fund. World Economic Outlook October 2019 Database. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/index.aspx (accessed October 2019); and World Trade Organization. Statistics Database. http://stat.wto.org/Home/WSDBHome.aspx (accessed April 2019).
Author:
Jong Woo Kang / Kang, Asian Development Bank ADB Paul Mariano / Mariano, ADB
ADB calculations using data from CEIC; and CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis. World Trade Monitor. https://www.cpb.nl/en/data (both accessed October 2019).
Author:
Jong Woo Kang / Kang, Asian Development Bank ADB Paul Mariano / Mariano, ADB
Global Business Confidence and Asia's Trade Volume Growth
ADB calculations using data from CEIC; and CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis. World Trade Monitor. https://www.cpb.nl/en/data; and Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development. OECD Data (all accessed October 2019).
Author:
Jong Woo Kang / Kang, Asian Development Bank ADB Paul Mariano / Mariano, ADB
ADB calculations using data from International Monetary Fund (IMF). Direction of Trade Statistics. https://www.imf.org/en/Data (accessed September 2019); and IMF. World Economic Outlook October 2019 Database. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/index.aspx (accessed October 2019).
Author:
Jong Woo Kang / Kang, Asian Development Bank ADB Paul Mariano / Mariano, ADB
Intraregional Trade Share—Asia, EU, and North America
ADB calculations using data from Centre d’Études Prospectives et d’Informations Internationales (the French Research Center in International Economics). GeoDist Database. http://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/cepii/cepii.asp; and United Nations. Commodity Trade Database. https://comtrade.un.org (both accessed August 2019).
Author:
Jong Woo Kang / Kang, Asian Development Bank ADB Paul Mariano / Mariano, ADB
Gravity Model Estimation Results, 2014–2018: Intra- and Inter-subregional Trade (All Goods)
ADB calculations using data from Centre d’Études Prospectives et d’Informations Internationales (the French Research Center in International Economics). GeoDist Database. http://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/cepii/cepii.asp; and United Nations. Commodity Trade Database. https://comtrade.un.org (both accessed August 2019).
Author:
Jong Woo Kang / Kang, Asian Development Bank ADB Paul Mariano / Mariano, ADB
ADB calculations using data from ADB. Asian Development Outlook 2019 Update: Fostering Growth and Inclusion in Asia's Cities; Federal Register. The Daily Journal of the US Government. https://www.federalregister.gov; Ministry of Finance of the PRC. Policy Release. http://gss.mof.gov.cn; Office of the US Trade Representative. PRC Section 301—Tariff Actions and Exclusion Process. https://ustr.gov/issue-areas/ enforcement/section-301-investigations/tariff-actions; and World Trade Organization. Tariff Download Facility. http://tariffdata.wto.org (all accessed September 2019).
Author:
Jong Woo Kang / Kang, Asian Development Bank ADB Joshua Anthony Gapay / Gapay, ADB
Chronology of Tariffs Filed by the PRC against the US
ADB calculations using data from ADB. Asian Development Outlook 2019 Update: Fostering Growth and Inclusion in Asia's Cities; Federal Register. The Daily Journal of the US Government. https://www.federalregister.gov; Ministry of Finance of the PRC. Policy Release. http://gss.mof.gov.cn; Office of the US Trade Representative. PRC Section 301—Tariff Actions and Exclusion Process. https://ustr.gov/issue-areas/ enforcement/section-301-investigations/tariff-actions; and World Trade Organization. Tariff Download Facility. http://tariffdata.wto.org (all accessed September 2019).
Author:
Jong Woo Kang / Kang, Asian Development Bank ADB Joshua Anthony Gapay / Gapay, ADB
Number of Products with Tariffs Filed by the PRC by Major Category
ADB calculations using data from Federal Register. The Daily Journal of the US Government. https://www.federalregister.gov; Ministry of Finance of the PRC. Policy Release. http://gss.mof.gov.cn; Office of the US Trade Representative. PRC Section 301—Tariff Actions and Exclusion Process. https://ustr.gov/issue-areas/ enforcement/section-301-investigations/tariff-actions; and World Trade Organization. Tariff Download Facility. http://tariffdata.wto.org (all accessed September 2019).
Author:
Jong Woo Kang / Kang, Asian Development Bank ADB Paul Mariano / Mariano, ADB Joshua Anthony Gapay / Gapay, ADB
Number of Products with Tariffs Filed by the US by Major Category
ADB calculations using data from Federal Register. The Daily Journal of the US Government. https://www.federalregister.gov; Ministry of Finance of the PRC. Policy Release. http://gss.mof.gov.cn; Office of the US Trade Representative. PRC Section 301—Tariff Actions and Exclusion Process. https://ustr.gov/issue-areas/ enforcement/section-301-investigations/tariff-actions; and World Trade Organization. Tariff Download Facility. http://tariffdata.wto.org (all accessed September 2019).
Author:
Jong Woo Kang / Kang, Asian Development Bank ADB Paul Mariano / Mariano, ADB Joshua Anthony Gapay / Gapay, ADB
Bilateral Import Growth Rate Ratio by Sector and Semester: PRC Imports from the US
ADB calculations using data from Ministry of Finance of the PRC. Policy Release. http://gss.mof.gov.cn/; Office of the US Trade Representative. PRC Section 301—Tariff Actions and Exclusion Process. https://ustr.gov/issue-areas/enforcement/section-301-investigations/tariff-actions; and United Nations. Commodity Trade Database. https://comtrade.un.org (all accessed July 2019).
Author:
Jong Woo Kang / Kang, Asian Development Bank ADB Paul Mariano / Mariano, ADB Joshua Anthony Gapay / Gapay, ADB
Bilateral Import Growth Rate Ratio by Sector and Semester: US Imports from the PRC
ADB calculations using data from Ministry of Finance of the PRC. Policy Release. http://gss.mof.gov.cn/; Office of the US Trade Representative. PRC Section 301—Tariff Actions and Exclusion Process. https://ustr.gov/issue-areas/enforcement/section-301-investigations/tariff-actions; and United Nations. Commodity Trade Database. https://comtrade.un.org (all accessed July 2019).
Author:
Jong Woo Kang / Kang, Asian Development Bank ADB Paul Mariano / Mariano, ADB Joshua Anthony Gapay / Gapay, ADB
Impact of US Tariff Hikes on PRC Aluminum: US Imports from Trade Partners
De Backer, K. 2011. Global Value Chains: Preliminary Evidence and Policy Issues. Report prepared for the meeting of the Committee on Industry, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship (CIIE) under the Directorate for Science, Technology, and Industry (DSTI). 31 March–1 April (accessed October 2019).
Export Substitutability by ASEAN+3 Trade Partner, 2017
ADB calculations using United Nations. Commodity Trade Database. https://comtrade.un.org (accessed October 2019); and methodology by Finger and Kreinin (1979).
Author:
Jong Woo Kang / Kang, Asian Development Bank ADB Paul Mariano / Mariano, ADB
Trade Complementarity by ASEAN+3 Trade Partner, 2017
ADB calculations using data from ADB. Asia Regional Integration Center FTA Database. https://aric.adb.org/fta (accessed September 2019); and World Trade Organization. Regional Trade Agreement Information System. http://rtais.wto.org (accessed August 2019).
Author:
Jong Woo Kang / Kang, Asian Development Bank ADB Dorothea Ramizo / Ramizo, ADB
Number of Proposed and Signed Free Trade Agreements—Asia
ADB calculations using data from ADB. Asia Regional Integration Center FTA Database. https://aric.adb.org/fta (accessed September 2019); and official FTA texts.
Author:
Jong Woo Kang / Kang, Asian Development Bank ADB Dorothea Ramizo / Ramizo, ADB
ADB calculations using data from ADB. Asia Regional Integration Center FTA Database. https://aric.adb.org/fta (accessed September 2019); and official FTA texts.
Author:
Jong Woo Kang / Kang, Asian Development Bank ADB Dorothea Ramizo / Ramizo, ADB
ADB calculations using data from ADB. Asia Regional Integration Center FTA Database. https://aric.adb.org/fta (accessed September 2019); and official FTA texts.
Author:
Jong Woo Kang / Kang, Asian Development Bank ADB Dorothea Ramizo / Ramizo, ADB
Panel Ordinary Least Squares Using Technology Variables in Levels
ADB calculations using data from ADB. Multi-Regional Input–Output Tables; CEIC; United Nations. Commodity Trade Database. https://comtrade.un.org; World Bank. World Development Indicators. https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators; World Bank. World Integrated Trade Solutions. https://wits.worldbank.org; and World Economic Forum. The Global Competitiveness Index Dataset 2007-2017. https://www.weforum.org; (all accessed February 2019); and methodology by Wang, Wei, and Zhu (2014).
Author:
Jong Woo Kang / Kang, Asian Development Bank ADB Dorothea Ramizo / Ramizo, ADB
Panel Ordinary Least Squares Using Technology Variables Index
ADB calculations using data from ADB. Multi-Regional Input–Output Tables; CEIC; United Nations. Commodity Trade Database. https://comtrade.un.org; World Bank. World Development Indicators. https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators; World Bank. World Integrated Trade Solutions. https://wits.worldbank.org; and World Economic Forum. The Global Competitiveness Index Dataset 2007-2017. https://www.weforum.org; (all accessed February 2019); and methodology by Wang, Wei, and Zhu (2014).
Author:
Jong Woo Kang / Kang, Asian Development Bank ADB Dorothea Ramizo / Ramizo, ADB
ADB calculations using data from Association of Southeast Asian Nations Secretariat. ASEANstats Data Portal. https://data.aseanstats.org/ (accessed July 2019); CEIC; Eurostat. Balance of Payments. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat (accessed July 2019); International Monetary Fund. World Economic Outlook April 2019 database. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/index.aspx (accessed April 2019); and United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. World Investment Report 2019 Statistical Annex Tables. http://unctad.org/en/Pages/DIAE/World%20Investment%20Report/Annex-Tables.aspx (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Khan, Fahad / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Cruz, Clemence Fatima / Economic Analyst, ADB
ADB calculations using data from United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. World Investment Report 2019 Statistical Annex Tables. http://unctad.org/en/Pages/DIAE/World%20Investment%20Report/Annex-Tables.aspx (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Khan, Fahad / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Cruz, Clemence Fatima / Economic Analyst, ADB
ADB calculations using data from Association of Southeast Asian Nations Secretariat. ASEANstats Data Portal. https://data.aseanstats.org/ (accessed July 2019); CEIC; Eurostat. Balance of Payments. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat (accessed July 2019); International Monetary Fund. World Economic Outlook April 2019 database. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/index.aspx (accessed April 2019); and United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. World Investment Report 2019 Statistical Annex Tables. http://unctad.org/en/Pages/DIAE/World%20Investment%20Report/Annex-Tables.aspx (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Khan, Fahad / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Cruz, Clemence Fatima / Economic Analyst, ADB
ADB calculations using data from Association of Southeast Asian Nations Secretariat. ASEANstats Data Portal. https://data.aseanstats.org/ (accessed July 2019); CEIC; Eurostat. Balance of Payments. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat (accessed July 2019); International Monetary Fund. World Economic Outlook April 2019 database. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/index.aspx (accessed April 2019); and United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. World Investment Report 2019 Statistical Annex Tables. http://unctad.org/en/Pages/DIAE/World%20Investment%20Report/Annex-Tables.aspx (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Khan, Fahad / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Cruz, Clemence Fatima / Economic Analyst, ADB
ADB calculations using data from Association of Southeast Asian Nations Secretariat. ASEANstats Data Portal. https://data.aseanstats.org/ (accessed July 2019); CEIC; Eurostat. Balance of Payments. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat (accessed July 2019); International Monetary Fund. World Economic Outlook April 2019 database. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/index.aspx (accessed April 2019); and United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. World Investment Report 2019 Statistical Annex Tables. http://unctad.org/en/Pages/DIAE/World%20Investment%20Report/Annex-Tables.aspx (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Khan, Fahad / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Cruz, Clemence Fatima / Economic Analyst, ADB
ADB calculations using data from United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. World Investment Report 2019 Statistical Annex Tables. http://unctad.org/en/Pages/DIAE/World%20Investment%20Report/Annex-Tables.aspx (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Khan, Fahad / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Cruz, Clemence Fatima / Economic Analyst, ADB
Inward FDI by Source Region—People's Republic of China
ADB calculations using data from Association of Southeast Asian Nations Secretariat. ASEANstats Data Portal. https://data.aseanstats.org/ (accessed July 2019); CEIC; Eurostat. Balance of Payments. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat (accessed July 2019); International Monetary Fund. World Economic Outlook April 2019 database. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/index.aspx (accessed April 2019); and United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. World Investment Report 2019 Statistical Annex Tables. http://unctad.org/en/Pages/DIAE/World%20Investment%20Report/Annex-Tables.aspx (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Khan, Fahad / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Cruz, Clemence Fatima / Economic Analyst, ADB
ADB calculations using data from United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. World Investment Report 2019 Statistical Annex Tables. http://unctad.org/en/Pages/DIAE/World%20Investment%20Report/Annex-Tables.aspx (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Khan, Fahad / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Cruz, Clemence Fatima / Economic Analyst, ADB
ADB calculations using data from United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. World Investment Report 2019 Statistical Annex Tables. http://unctad.org/en/Pages/DIAE/World%20Investment%20Report/Annex-Tables.aspx (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Khan, Fahad / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Cruz, Clemence Fatima / Economic Analyst, ADB
ADB calculations using data from United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. World Investment Report 2019 Statistical Annex Tables. http://unctad.org/en/Pages/DIAE/World%20Investment%20Report/Annex-Tables.aspx (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Khan, Fahad / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Cruz, Clemence Fatima / Economic Analyst, ADB
Asia's Outward FDI to the Rest of the World by Sector: Greenfield
ADB calculations using data from Association of Southeast Asian Nations Secretariat. ASEANstats Data Portal. https://data.aseanstats.org/ (accessed July 2019); and United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. World Investment Report 2019 Statistical Annex Tables. http://unctad.org/en/Pages/DIAE/World%20Investment%20Report/Annex-Tables.aspx (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Khan, Fahad / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Cruz, Clemence Fatima / Economic Analyst, ADB
ADB calculations using data from Bank for International Settlements. Locational Banking Statistics. https://www.bis.org/statistics/bankstats.htm (accessed September 2019); International Monetary Fund (IMF). Coordinated Direct Investment Survey. http://data.imf.org/CDIS (accessed May 2019); and IMF. Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey. http://data.imf.org/CPIS (accessed September 2019).
Author:
Lee, Junkyu / Director, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Rosenkranz, Peter Conrad / Economist, ADB; Lapid, Ana Kristel / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Salvanera, Arjan Paulo / Economic Analyst, ADB
ADB calculations using data from Bank for International Settlements. Locational Banking Statistics. https://www.bis.org/statistics/bankstats.htm (accessed September 2019); International Monetary Fund (IMF). Coordinated Direct Investment Survey. http://data.imf.org/CDIS (accessed May 2019); and IMF. Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey. http://data.imf.org/CPIS (accessed September 2019).
Author:
Lee, Junkyu / Director, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Rosenkranz, Peter Conrad / Economist, ADB; Lapid, Ana Kristel / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Salvanera, Arjan Paulo / Economic Analyst, ADB
ADB calculations using data from Bank for International Settlements. Locational Banking Statistics. https://www.bis.org/statistics/bankstats.htm (accessed September 2019); International Monetary Fund (IMF). Coordinated Direct Investment Survey. http://data.imf.org/CDIS (accessed May 2019); and IMF. Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey. http://data.imf.org/CPIS (accessed September 2019).
Author:
Lee, Junkyu / Director, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Rosenkranz, Peter Conrad / Economist, ADB; Lapid, Ana Kristel / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Salvanera, Arjan Paulo / Economic Analyst, ADB
ADB calculations using data from Bank for International Settlements. Locational Banking Statistics. https://www.bis.org/statistics/bankstats.htm (accessed September 2019); International Monetary Fund (IMF). Coordinated Direct Investment Survey. http://data.imf.org/CDIS (accessed May 2019); and IMF. Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey. http://data.imf.org/CPIS (accessed September 2019).
Author:
Lee, Junkyu / Director, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Rosenkranz, Peter Conrad / Economist, ADB; Lapid, Ana Kristel / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Salvanera, Arjan Paulo / Economic Analyst, ADB
ADB calculations using data from International Monetary Fund. Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey. http://data.imf.org/CPIS (accessed Septemer 2019).
Author:
Lee, Junkyu / Director, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Rosenkranz, Peter Conrad / Economist, ADB; Lapid, Ana Kristel / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Salvanera, Arjan Paulo / Economic Analyst, ADB
ADB calculations using data from International Monetary Fund. Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey. http://data.imf.org/CPIS (accessed Septemer 2019).
Author:
Lee, Junkyu / Director, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Rosenkranz, Peter Conrad / Economist, ADB; Lapid, Ana Kristel / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Salvanera, Arjan Paulo / Economic Analyst, ADB
Change in Outward Portfolio Investment—Asia: Change in Outward Portfolio Debt Investment
ADB calculations using data from International Monetary Fund. Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey. http://data.imf.org/CPIS (accessed Septemer 2019).
Author:
Lee, Junkyu / Director, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Rosenkranz, Peter Conrad / Economist, ADB; Lapid, Ana Kristel / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Salvanera, Arjan Paulo / Economic Analyst, ADB
Change in Outward Portfolio Investment—Asia: Change in Outward Portfolio Equity Investment
ADB calculations using data from International Monetary Fund. Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey. http://data.imf.org/CPIS (accessed Septemer 2019).
Author:
Lee, Junkyu / Director, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Rosenkranz, Peter Conrad / Economist, ADB; Lapid, Ana Kristel / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Salvanera, Arjan Paulo / Economic Analyst, ADB
Destinations of Outward Portfolio Debt Investment—Asia
ADB calculations using data from International Monetary Fund. Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey. http://data.imf.org/CPIS (accessed Septemer 2019).
Author:
Lee, Junkyu / Director, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Rosenkranz, Peter Conrad / Economist, ADB; Lapid, Ana Kristel / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Salvanera, Arjan Paulo / Economic Analyst, ADB
Destinations of Outward Portfolio Equity Investment—Asia
ADB calculations using data from International Monetary Fund. Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey. http://data.imf.org/CPIS (accessed Septemer 2019).
Author:
Lee, Junkyu / Director, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Rosenkranz, Peter Conrad / Economist, ADB; Lapid, Ana Kristel / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Salvanera, Arjan Paulo / Economic Analyst, ADB
ADB calculations using data from International Monetary Fund. Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey. http://data.imf.org/CPIS (accessed Septemer 2019).
Author:
Lee, Junkyu / Director, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Rosenkranz, Peter Conrad / Economist, ADB; Lapid, Ana Kristel / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Salvanera, Arjan Paulo / Economic Analyst, ADB
ADB calculations using data from International Monetary Fund. Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey. http://data.imf.org/CPIS (accessed Septemer 2019).
Author:
Lee, Junkyu / Director, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Rosenkranz, Peter Conrad / Economist, ADB; Lapid, Ana Kristel / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Salvanera, Arjan Paulo / Economic Analyst, ADB
Change in Inward Portfolio Investment—Asia: Change in Inward Portfolio Debt Investment
ADB calculations using data from International Monetary Fund. Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey. http://data.imf.org/CPIS (accessed Septemer 2019).
Author:
Lee, Junkyu / Director, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Rosenkranz, Peter Conrad / Economist, ADB; Lapid, Ana Kristel / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Salvanera, Arjan Paulo / Economic Analyst, ADB
Change in Inward Portfolio Investment—Asia: Change in Inward Portfolio Equity Investment
ADB calculations using data from International Monetary Fund. Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey. http://data.imf.org/CPIS (accessed Septemer 2019).
Author:
Lee, Junkyu / Director, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Rosenkranz, Peter Conrad / Economist, ADB; Lapid, Ana Kristel / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Salvanera, Arjan Paulo / Economic Analyst, ADB
ADB calculations using data from International Monetary Fund. Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey. http://data.imf.org/CPIS (accessed Septemer 2019).
Author:
Lee, Junkyu / Director, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Rosenkranz, Peter Conrad / Economist, ADB; Lapid, Ana Kristel / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Salvanera, Arjan Paulo / Economic Analyst, ADB
Sources of Inward Portfolio Equity Investment—Asia
ADB calculations using data from International Monetary Fund. Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey. http://data.imf.org/CPIS (accessed Septemer 2019).
Author:
Lee, Junkyu / Director, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Rosenkranz, Peter Conrad / Economist, ADB; Lapid, Ana Kristel / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Salvanera, Arjan Paulo / Economic Analyst, ADB
ADB calculations using data from International Monetary Fund. Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey. http://data.imf.org/CPIS (accessed Septemer 2019).
Author:
Lee, Junkyu / Director, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Rosenkranz, Peter Conrad / Economist, ADB; Lapid, Ana Kristel / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Salvanera, Arjan Paulo / Economic Analyst, ADB
ADB calculations using data from International Monetary Fund. Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey. http://data.imf.org/CPIS (accessed Septemer 2019).
Author:
Lee, Junkyu / Director, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Rosenkranz, Peter Conrad / Economist, ADB; Lapid, Ana Kristel / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Salvanera, Arjan Paulo / Economic Analyst, ADB
AsianBondsOnline, CEIC, European Central Bank, International Monetary Fund, and Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association.
Author:
Lee, Junkyu / Director, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Yamadera, Satoru / Principal Financial Sector Specialist, ADB; Rosenkranz, Peter Conrad / Economist, ADB
Combining Professional Markets to Build an ASEAN+3 Multi-currency Bond Issuance Framework
ADB. 2019. Good Practices for Developing a Local Currency Bond Market–Lessons from the ASEAN+3 Asian Bond Markets Initiative.Manila.
Author:
Lee, Junkyu / Director, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Yamadera, Satoru / Principal Financial Sector Specialist, ADB; Rosenkranz, Peter Conrad / Economist, ADB
ADB calculations using data from International Monetary Fund. Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey. http://data.imf.org/CPIS (accessed Septemer 2019).
Author:
Lee, Junkyu / Director, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Rosenkranz, Peter Conrad / Economist, ADB; Lapid, Ana Kristel / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB
ADB calculations using data from International Monetary Fund. Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey. http://data.imf.org/CPIS (accessed Septemer 2019).
Author:
Lee, Junkyu / Director, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Rosenkranz, Peter Conrad / Economist, ADB; Lapid, Ana Kristel / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB
Global Portfolio Investment—Asia with the Rest of the World: Portfolio Debt Investment
ADB calculations using data from International Monetary Fund. Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey. http://data.imf.org/CPIS (accessed Septemer 2019).
Author:
Lee, Junkyu / Director, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Rosenkranz, Peter Conrad / Economist, ADB; Lapid, Ana Kristel / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB
Global Portfolio Investment—Asia with the Rest of the World: Portfolio Equity Investment
ADB calculations using data from International Monetary Fund. Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey. http://data.imf.org/CPIS (accessed Septemer 2019).
Author:
Lee, Junkyu / Director, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Rosenkranz, Peter Conrad / Economist, ADB; Lapid, Ana Kristel / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB
Cross-Border Bank Holdings—Asia: Cross-Border Bank Claims
ADB calculations using data from Bank for International Settlements. Locational Banking Statistics. https://www.bis.org/statistics/bankstats.htm (accessed September 2019).
Author:
Lee, Junkyu / Director, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Rosenkranz, Peter Conrad / Economist, ADB; Lapid, Ana Kristel / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Salvanera, Arjan Paulo / Economic Analyst, ADB
Cross-Border Bank Holdings—Asia: Cross-Border Bank Liabilities
ADB calculations using data from Bank for International Settlements. Locational Banking Statistics. https://www.bis.org/statistics/bankstats.htm (accessed September 2019).
Author:
Lee, Junkyu / Director, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Rosenkranz, Peter Conrad / Economist, ADB; Lapid, Ana Kristel / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Salvanera, Arjan Paulo / Economic Analyst, ADB
Change in Cross-Border Bank Holdings—Asia: Change in Cross-Border Bank Claims
ADB calculations using data from Bank for International Settlements. Locational Banking Statistics. https://www.bis.org/statistics/bankstats.htm (accessed September 2019).
Author:
Lee, Junkyu / Director, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Rosenkranz, Peter Conrad / Economist, ADB; Lapid, Ana Kristel / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Salvanera, Arjan Paulo / Economic Analyst, ADB
Change in Cross-Border Bank Holdings—Asia: Change in Cross-Border Bank Liabilities
ADB calculations using data from Bank for International Settlements. Locational Banking Statistics. https://www.bis.org/statistics/bankstats.htm (accessed September 2019).
Author:
Lee, Junkyu / Director, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Rosenkranz, Peter Conrad / Economist, ADB; Lapid, Ana Kristel / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Salvanera, Arjan Paulo / Economic Analyst, ADB
ADB calculations using data from Bank for International Settlements. Locational Banking Statistics. https://www.bis.org/statistics/bankstats.htm (accessed September 2019).
Author:
Lee, Junkyu / Director, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Rosenkranz, Peter Conrad / Economist, ADB; Lapid, Ana Kristel / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Salvanera, Arjan Paulo / Economic Analyst, ADB
ADB calculations using data from Bank for International Settlements. Locational Banking Statistics. https://www.bis.org/statistics/bankstats.htm (accessed September 2019).
Author:
Lee, Junkyu / Director, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Rosenkranz, Peter Conrad / Economist, ADB; Lapid, Ana Kristel / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Salvanera, Arjan Paulo / Economic Analyst, ADB
standard deviation of change in bank claims to GDP
Scope:
Asia and the Pacific
European Union
United States
World
Period:
Quarterly (1998/2018)
Source:
ADB calculations using data from Bank for International Settlements. Locational Banking Statistics. https://www.bis.org/statistics/bankstats.htm (accessed May 2019).
Author:
Lee, Junkyu / Director, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Rosenkranz, Peter Conrad / Economist, ADB; Lapid, Ana Kristel / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB
Bank Volatility—Asia: Cross-Border Bank Liabilities
standard deviation of change in bank liabilities to GDP
Scope:
Asia and the Pacific
European Union
United States
World
Period:
Quarterly (1998/2018)
Source:
ADB calculations using data from Bank for International Settlements. Locational Banking Statistics. https://www.bis.org/statistics/bankstats.htm (accessed May 2019).
Author:
Lee, Junkyu / Director, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Rosenkranz, Peter Conrad / Economist, ADB; Lapid, Ana Kristel / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB
Nonperforming Loan Ratios—Selected Asian Economies
ADB calculations using data from the Bank of Mongolia; CEIC; and World Bank. World Development Indicators. https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development indicators (accessed July 2019).
Author:
Lee, Junkyu / Director, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Rosenkranz, Peter Conrad / Economist, ADB; Villanueva, Alyssa / Economic Analyst, ADB
Average Simple Correlation of Weekly Total Bond Return Indexes—Asia with Asia and the World
ADB calculations using data from Bloomberg; CEIC; and World Bank. World Development Indicators. https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development indicators (accessed September 2019).
Author:
Lee, Junkyu / Director, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Rosenkranz, Peter Conrad / Economist, ADB; Lapid, Ana Kristel / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB
Conditional Correlation of Total Bond Return Indexes—Asia with Select Regions and Economies
ADB calculations using data from Bloomberg; CEIC; Stooq. Stooq Online. https://stooq.com/q/?s=^sti; and World Bank. World Development Indicators. https://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators (all accessed September 2019).
Author:
Lee, Junkyu / Director, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Rosenkranz, Peter Conrad / Economist, ADB; Lapid, Ana Kristel / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB
Conditional Correlation of Equity Markets—Asia with Select Regions and Economies
ADB calculations using data from Bloomberg; CEIC; Stooq. Stooq Online. https://stooq.com/q/?s=^sti (accessed September 2019); and methodology by Hinojales and Park (2010).
Author:
Lee, Junkyu / Director, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Rosenkranz, Peter Conrad / Economist, ADB; Lapid, Ana Kristel / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB
Share of Variance in Asian Capital Market Returns, as Explained by Global, Regional and Domestic Shocks: Bond Returns
ADB calculations using data from Bloomberg; CEIC; World Bank. World Development Indicators. https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development indicators (accessed September 2019); and methodology by Lee and Park (2011).
Author:
Lee, Junkyu / Director, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Rosenkranz, Peter Conrad / Economist, ADB; Lapid, Ana Kristel / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB
Share of Variance in Asian Capital Market Returns, as Explained by Global, Regional and Domestic Shocks: Equity Returns
ADB calculations using data from Bloomberg; CEIC; Stooq. Stooq Online. https://stooq.com/q/?s=^sti; World Bank. World Development Indicators. https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development indicators (all accessed September 2019); and methodology by Lee and Park (2011).
Author:
Lee, Junkyu / Director, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Rosenkranz, Peter Conrad / Economist, ADB; Lapid, Ana Kristel / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB
σ-Convergence of Total Bond Return Indexes—Asia: Within Asia
ADB calculations using data from Global Knowledge Partnership on Migration and Development. http://www.knomad.org/data/remittances (accessed October 2019).
Author:
Kijin Kim / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, ADB; Ma. Concepcion Latoja / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB
remittance receipts; tourism receipts; net equity inflows; ODA and official aid; net FDI inflows
Scope:
Asia and the Pacific
Period:
Annual (1990/2018)
Source:
ADB calculations using data from Global Knowledge Partnership on Migration and Development. http://www.knomad.org/data/remittances; and World Bank. World Development Indicators. https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-developmentindicators (both accessed October 2019).
Author:
Kijin Kim / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, ADB; Ma. Concepcion Latoja / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB
ADB calculations using data from Global Knowledge Partnership on Migration and Development. http://www.knomad.org/data/remittances (accessed October 2019).
Author:
Kijin Kim / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, ADB; Ma. Concepcion Latoja / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB
ADB calculations using data from Global Knowledge Partnership on Migration and Development. http://www.knomad.org/data/remittances (accessed October 2019).
Author:
Kijin Kim / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, ADB; Ma. Concepcion Latoja / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB
ADB calculations using data from Global Knowledge Partnership on Migration and Development. http://www.knomad.org/data/remittances (accessed October 2019).
Author:
Kijin Kim / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, ADB; Ma. Concepcion Latoja / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB
Top 10 Remittance-Recipient Economies in Asia, 2018: Share of GDP
ADB calculations using data from Global Knowledge Partnership on Migration and Development. http://www.knomad.org/data/remittances (accessed October 2019); International Monetary Fund. World Economic Outlook October 2019 Database. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/index.aspx (accessed October 2019); and United Nations. Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. World Population Prospects 2019. https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/ (accessed August 2019).
Author:
Kijin Kim / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, ADB; Ma. Concepcion Latoja / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB
Top 10 Remittance-Recipient Economies in Asia, 2018: Per Capita
ADB calculations using data from Global Knowledge Partnership on Migration and Development. http://www.knomad.org/data/remittances (accessed October 2019); International Monetary Fund. World Economic Outlook October 2019 Database. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/index.aspx (accessed October 2019); and United Nations. Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. World Population Prospects 2019. https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/ (accessed August 2019).
Author:
Kijin Kim / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, ADB; Ma. Concepcion Latoja / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB
ADB calculations using data from United Nations World Tourism Organization. Tourism Satellite Accounts. http://statistics.unwto.org/ (accessed April 2019).
Author:
Kijin Kim / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, ADB; Ma. Concepcion Latoja / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB
Intraregional and Extraregional Flows of Visitors from Asia, 2017
ADB calculations using data from United Nations World Tourism Organization. Tourism Satellite Accounts. http://statistics.unwto.org/ (accessed April 2019).
Author:
Kijin Kim / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, ADB; Ma. Concepcion Latoja / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB
Intrasubregional Tourism Shares—CAREC, ASEAN, and GMS (%): 2010
ADB calculations using data from United Nations World Tourism Organization. Tourism Satellite Accounts. http://statistics.unwto.org/ (accessed April 2019).
Author:
Kijin Kim / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, ADB; Ma. Concepcion Latoja / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB
Intrasubregional Tourism Shares—CAREC, ASEAN, and GMS (%): 2017
ADB calculations using data from United Nations World Tourism Organization. Tourism Satellite Accounts. http://statistics.unwto.org/ (accessed April 2019).
Author:
Kijin Kim / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, ADB; Ma. Concepcion Latoja / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB
ADB calculations using data from United Nations World Tourism Organization. Tourism Satellite Accounts. http://statistics.unwto.org/ (accessed April 2019).
Author:
Kijin Kim / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, ADB; Ma. Concepcion Latoja / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB
United Nations World Tourism Organization. 2019. World Tourism Barometer Issue 17: (September); and World Bank. World Development Indicators. https://databank.worldbank.org/source/worlddevelopment-indicators (accessed August 2019).
Author:
Kijin Kim / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, ADB; Ma. Concepcion Latoja / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB
ADB calculations using data from United Nations World Tourism Organization. Tourism Satellite Accounts. http://statistics.unwto.org/ (accessed April 2019).
Author:
Kijin Kim / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, ADB; Ma. Concepcion Latoja / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB
Tourism Expenditure per Outbound Tourist: Asian subregions
ADB calculations using data from United Nations World Tourism Organization. Tourism Satellite Accounts. http://statistics.unwto.org/ (accessed April 2019); and World Bank. World Development Indicators. https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators (accessed August 2019).
Author:
Kijin Kim / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, ADB; Ma. Concepcion Latoja / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB
Tourism Expenditure per Outbound Tourist: Selected Asian Economies
ADB calculations using data from United Nations World Tourism Organization. Tourism Satellite Accounts. http://statistics.unwto.org/ (accessed April 2019); and World Bank. World Development Indicators. https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators (accessed August 2019).
Author:
Kijin Kim / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, ADB; Ma. Concepcion Latoja / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB
ADB calculations using data from United Nations World Tourism Organization. Tourism Satellite Accounts. http://statistics.unwto.org/ (accessed April 2019).
Author:
Kijin Kim / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, ADB; Ma. Concepcion Latoja / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB
ADB calculations using data from United Nations World Tourism Organization. Tourism Satellite Accounts. http://statistics.unwto.org/ (accessed April 2019).
Author:
Kijin Kim / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, ADB; Ma. Concepcion Latoja / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB
ADB calculations using data from United Nations World Tourism Organization (2019b); and World Bank. World Development Indicators. https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators (accessed October 2019).
Author:
Kijin Kim / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, ADB; Ma. Concepcion Latoja / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB
Tourism Arrivals and Receipts in Asia by Subregion, 2017
international arrivals; international tourism receipts
Scope:
Central Asia
East Asia
Oceania
Pacific-excl. AUS and NZ
South Asia
Southeast Asia
Period:
Annual (2017/2017)
Source:
ADB calculations using data from United Nations World Tourism Organization. Tourism Satellite Accounts. http://statistics.unwto.org/ (accessed April 2019); and World Bank. World Development Indicators. https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators (accessed October 2019).
Author:
Kijin Kim / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, ADB; Ma. Concepcion Latoja / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB
Top 10 Recipients of Tourism Receipts, 2017: $ billion
ADB calculations using data from International Monetary Fund. World Economic Outlook October 2019 Database. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/index.aspx (accessed October 2019); United Nations World Tourism Organization. Tourism Satellite Accounts. http://statistics.unwto.org/ (accessed April 2019); and World Bank. World Development Indicators. https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators (accessed October 2019).
Author:
Kijin Kim / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, ADB; Ma. Concepcion Latoja / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB
Top 10 Recipients of Tourism Receipts, 2017: Share of GDP
ADB calculations using data from International Monetary Fund. World Economic Outlook October 2019 Database. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/index.aspx (accessed October 2019); United Nations World Tourism Organization. Tourism Satellite Accounts. http://statistics.unwto.org/ (accessed April 2019); and World Bank. World Development Indicators. https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators (accessed October 2019).
Author:
Kijin Kim / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, ADB; Ma. Concepcion Latoja / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB
ADB calculations using data from United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). Tourism Satellite Accounts. http://statistics.unwto.org/ (accessed March 2019); UNWTO (2019b); and World Bank. World Development Indicators. https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators (accessed August 2019).
Author:
Kijin Kim / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, ADB; Ma. Concepcion Latoja / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB
Tourism Receipts per Arrival: Selected Asian Economies
ADB calculations using data from United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). Tourism Satellite Accounts. http://statistics.unwto.org/ (accessed March 2019); UNWTO (2019b); and World Bank. World Development Indicators. https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators (accessed August 2019).
Author:
Kijin Kim / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, ADB; Ma. Concepcion Latoja / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB
international arrivals; international tourism receipts
Scope:
Armenia
Australia
Azerbaijan
Bhutan
Brunei Darussalam
Cambodia
China, People's Republic of
Fiji
Georgia
Hong Kong, China
India
Indonesia
Japan
Kazakhstan
Kiribati
Korea, Republic of
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Malaysia
Maldives
Mongolia
Nepal
New Zealand
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Philippines
Samoa
Singapore
Solomon Islands
Sri Lanka
Tajikistan
Thailand
Timor-Leste
Tonga
Vanuatu
Period:
Annual (2010/2017)
Source:
ADB calculations using data from United Nations World Tourism Organization. Tourism Satellite Accounts. http://statistics.unwto.org/ (accessed April 2019); United Nations World Tourism Organization (2019b); and World Bank. World Development Indicators. https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators (accessed August 2019).
Author:
Kijin Kim / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, ADB; Ma. Concepcion Latoja / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB
ADB calculations using data from Asian Development Bank. 2019. Asian Development Outlook 2019. Manila; CEIC; International Monetary Fund. Direction of Trade Statistics. http://data.imf.org; and World Bank. World Development Indicators. http://databank.worldbank.org/ (all accessed October 2019).
Author:
Wu, Guoliang / Senior Regional Cooperation Specialist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Hu, Xinglan / Senior Regional Cooperation Specialist, ADB; Oblepias, Ronaldo / Consultant, ADB
CAREC Investments by Funding Source, as of 31 December 2018
GMS Statistical Database. www.greatermekong/statistics; CEIC; International Monetary Fund. World Economic Outlook April 2019 Database. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/index.aspx; and United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. UNCTADstat. https://unctadstat.unctad.org (all accessed October 2019).
ADB. Asian Development Outlook 2019 Update: Fostering Growth and Inclusion in Asia's Cities; International Monetary Fund (IMF). Direction of Trade Statistics. https://www.imf.org; IMF. World Economic Outlook October 2019 Database. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/index.aspx; and World Bank. Population Estimates and Projections. https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/dataset/population-estimates-and-projections (all accessed October 2019).
Author:
Butiong, Ronald Antonio / Director, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Tranquilino, Jesusito / Consultant, ADB; de Leon, Leticia / Consultant, ADB
Burrell, Alix / Principal Investment Specialist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Maxwell, Anthony / Principal Energy Specialist, ADB; Rabanal, Rommel / Public Sector Economist, ADB
Huh, H.S., and C. Y. Park.2019. A New Index of Globalization: Measuring Impacts of Integration on Economic Growth and Income Inequality. ADB Economics Working Paper Series. 587. Manila: ADB.
Author:
Huh, Hyeon-Seung / Professor, Yonsei University; Park, Cyn-Young / Director, Asian Development Bank
Intraregional, Extraregional, and Global Economic Integration Indexes by Income Level
Huh, H.S., and C. Y. Park.2019. A New Index of Globalization: Measuring Impacts of Integration on Economic Growth and Income Inequality. ADB Economics Working Paper Series. 587. Manila: ADB.
Author:
Huh, Hyeon-Seung / Professor, Yonsei University; Park, Cyn-Young / Director, Asian Development Bank
Huh, H.S., and C. Y. Park.2019. A New Index of Globalization: Measuring Impacts of Integration on Economic Growth and Income Inequality. ADB Economics Working Paper Series. 587. Manila: ADB.
Author:
Huh, Hyeon-Seung / Professor, Yonsei University; Park, Cyn-Young / Director, Asian Development Bank
Intraregional, Extraregional, and Global Economic Integration Indexes—Asia
Huh, H.S., and C. Y. Park.2019. A New Index of Globalization: Measuring Impacts of Integration on Economic Growth and Income Inequality. ADB Economics Working Paper Series. 587. Manila: ADB.
Author:
Huh, Hyeon-Seung / Professor, Yonsei University; Park, Cyn-Young / Director, Asian Development Bank
Regression Results on Globalization and Its Effects on Economic Growth and Income Inequality
Huh, H.S., and C. Y. Park.2019. A New Index of Globalization: Measuring Impacts of Integration on Economic Growth and Income Inequality. ADB Economics Working Paper Series. 587. Manila: ADB.
Author:
Huh, Hyeon-Seung / Professor, Yonsei University; Park, Cyn-Young / Director, Asian Development Bank
ADB calculations using data from United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Population Database. https:// population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/ (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
ADB calculations using data from United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Population Database. https:// population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/ (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
ADB calculations using data from United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Population Database. https:// population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/ (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
ADB calculations using data from United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Population Database. https:// population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/ (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
ADB calculations using data from World Bank. World Development Indicators. https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators (accessed July 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
Pattern of Fertility Rate Decline—Selected Economies: Advanced Economies
ADB calculations using data from Chesnais (1992); and World Bank. World Development Indicators. https://databank.worldbank.org/source/worlddevelopment-indicators (accessed July 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
Pattern of Fertility Rate Decline—Selected Economies: Developing Economies
ADB calculations using data from Chesnais (1992); and World Bank. World Development Indicators. https://databank.worldbank.org/source/worlddevelopment-indicators (accessed July 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
ADB calculations using data from United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Population Database. https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/ (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
Income Levels and Share of Older Persons, 1960–2017—Selected Asian Economies
ADB calculations using data from United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Population Database. https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/ and World Bank. World Development Indicators. https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators (both accessed June 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
ADB calculations using data from United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Population Database. https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/ (accessed June 2019)
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
ADB calculations using data from United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Population Database. https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/ (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
Working Age Population—Asia: Distribution by Age Group, 2019
distribution of working age population by age group
Scope:
Afghanistan
Armenia
Australia
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Brunei Darussalam
Cambodia
China, People's Republic of
Fiji
Georgia
Hong Kong, China
India
Indonesia
Japan
Kazakhstan
Kiribati
Korea, Republic of
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Malaysia
Maldives
Micronesia, Federated States of
Mongolia
Myanmar
Nepal
New Zealand
Pakistan
Papua New Guinea
Philippines
Samoa
Singapore
Solomon Islands
Sri Lanka
Taipei,China
Tajikistan
Thailand
Timor-Leste
Tonga
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Viet Nam
Period:
Annual (2019/2019)
Source:
ADB calculations using data from United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Population Database. https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/ (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
ADB calculations using data from United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Population Database. https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/ (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
ADB calculations using data from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). OECD Stat Database. https://stats.oecd.org/ (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
Labor Force Participation of Older Workforce—Selected Asian Economies: India
ADB calculations using data from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). OECD Stat Database. https://stats.oecd.org/ (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
Labor Force Participation of Older Workforce—Selected Asian Economies: Indonesia
ADB calculations using data from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). OECD Stat Database. https://stats.oecd.org/ (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
Labor Force Participation of Older Workforce—Selected Asian Economies: Japan
ADB calculations using data from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). OECD Stat Database. https://stats.oecd.org/ (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
Labor Force Participation of Older Workforce—Selected Asian Economies: New Zealand
ADB calculations using data from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). OECD Stat Database. https://stats.oecd.org/ (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
Labor Force Participation of Older Workforce—Selected Asian Economies: Republic of Korea
ADB calculations using data from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). OECD Stat Database. https://stats.oecd.org/ (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
Sector Distribution of Employment by Age Group—Selected Asian Economies: Bangladesh
ADB calculations using data from Statistics Bureau of Japan. Employment Status Survey 2018. https://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/index.html (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
Sector Distribution of Employment by Age Group—Selected Asian Economies: Philippines
ADB calculations using data from Government of the People’s Republic of China, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security. China Labour Statistical Yearbook 2016. http://www.mohrss.gov.cn/2016/indexeh.htm (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
Sector Distribution of Employment by Age Group—Selected Asian Economies: Republic of Korea
ADB calculations using data from Statistics Bureau of Japan. Employment Status Survey 2018. https://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/index.html (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
Task Distribution of Employment by Age Group—Selected Asian Economies: Philippines
share to total employment by age group and by task
Scope:
China, People's Republic of
Period:
Annual (2015/2015)
Source:
ADB calculations using data from Government of the People’s Republic of China, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security. China Labour Statistical Yearbook 2016. http://www.mohrss.gov.cn/2016/indexeh.htm (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
Task Distribution of Employment by Age Group—Selected Asian Economies: Republic of Korea
Center for Retirement Research at Boston College. Susceptibility Index. http://crr.bc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/SusceptibilityIndex_April-2016.pdf (accessed July 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
ADB calculations using Japan Labour Force Surveys (2012-2018) data from e-Stat (Portal Site of Official Statistics of Japan). https://www.estat.go.jp/ (accessed August 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
ADB calculations using data from East–West Center. National Transfer Accounts Data Sheet 2016. https://www.ntaccounts.org (accessed July 2019); and World Bank. World Development Indicators. ttps://databank.worldbank.org/source/ world-development-indicators (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
Mean Years of Schooling of Population Ages 25–64: Overall
ADB calculations using data from Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital. Wittgenstein Centre Data Explorer Version 2.0. www. wittgensteincentre.org/dataexplorer (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
Mean Years of Schooling of Population Ages 25–64: By Gender
ADB calculations using data from Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital. Wittgenstein Centre Data Explorer Version 2.0. www. wittgensteincentre.org/dataexplorer (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
ADB calculations using data from Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital. Wittgenstein Centre Data Explorer Version 2.0. www.wittgensteincentre.org/dataexplorer (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
ADB calculations using data from Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital. Wittgenstein Centre Data Explorer Version 2.0. www.wittgensteincentre.org/dataexplorer (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
First Demographic Dividend in Selected Asian Economies
ADB calculations using data from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2014–2015 Survey of Adult Skills of the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies. http://www.oecd.org/skills/piaac/data/ (accessed May 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
Literacy and Numeracy Skills by Age Group: Numeracy
ADB calculations using data from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2014–2015 Survey of Adult Skills of the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies. http://www.oecd.org/skills/piaac/data/ (accessed May 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
ADB calculations using data from National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (Japan). http://www.ncgg.go.jp/cgss/english/department/nils-lsa/index.html (accessed July 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
ADB calculations using data from National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (Japan). http://www.ncgg.go.jp/cgss/english/department/nils-lsa/index.html (accessed July 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
ADB calculations using data from United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. https://population.un.org/wpp/ Download/Standard/Population/ (accessed October 2019)
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
ADB calculations using data from United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. https://population.un.org/wpp/ Download/Standard/Population/ (accessed October 2019)
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
ADB calculations using data from United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. https://population.un.org/wpp/ Download/Standard/Population/ (accessed October 2019)
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
ADB calculations using data from United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. https://population.un.org/wpp/ Download/Standard/Population/ (accessed October 2019)
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
ADB calculations using data from United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. https://population.un.org/wpp/ Download/Standard/Population/ (accessed October 2019)
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
ADB calculations using data from United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. https://population.un.org/wpp/ Download/Standard/Population/ (accessed October 2019)
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
ADB calculations using data from United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Population Database. https://population. un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/ (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
Population and Dependency Ratios—Selected Asian Economies: People's Republic of China
ADB calculations using data from United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Population Database. https://population. un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/ (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
Population and Dependency Ratios—Selected Asian Economies: Republic of Korea
ADB calculations using data from United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Population Database. https://population. un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/ (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
Population and Dependency Ratios—Selected Asian Economies: Sri Lanka
ADB calculations using data from United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Population Database. https://population. un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/ (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
Population and Dependency Ratios—Selected Asian Economies: Thailand
ADB calculations using data from United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Population Database. https://population. un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/ (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
Population and Dependency Ratios—Selected Asian Economies: Viet Nam
ADB calculations using data from United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Population Database. https://population. un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/ (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
Workforce Aging and Industrial Robot Adoption, 2007–2017
change in the ratio of population ages 25–49 to 50–74
Scope:
China, People's Republic of
Japan
Korea, Republic of
Singapore
Taipei,China
Period:
Annual (2007/2017)
Source:
International Federation of Robotics. Statistics. https://ifr.org (accessed July 2019); and United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/ Population/ (both accessed June 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
Relative Contribution to Per Capita GDP Growth by Age Cohorts
ADB calculations using data from Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital. Wittgenstein Centre Data Explorer Version 2.0. www. wittgensteincentre.org/dataexplorer (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
Description of Criteria Used to Classify Selected Economies in Asia
ADB calculations using data from Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital. Wittgenstein Centre Data Explorer Version 2.0. www. wittgensteincentre.org/dataexplorer (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
Type-1 Population Distribution by Age and Education—Selected Asian Economies
ADB calculations using data from Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital. Wittgenstein Centre Data Explorer Version 2.0. www. wittgensteincentre.org/dataexplorer (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
Type-2 Population Distribution by Age and Education—Selected Asian Economies
ADB calculations using data from Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital. Wittgenstein Centre Data Explorer Version 2.0. www. wittgensteincentre.org/dataexplorer (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
Type-3 Population Distribution by Age and Education—Selected Asian Economies
ADB calculations using data from Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital. Wittgenstein Centre Data Explorer Version 2.0. www. wittgensteincentre.org/dataexplorer (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
Type-4 Population Distribution by Age and Education—Selected Asian Economies
ADB calculations using data from Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital. Wittgenstein Centre Data Explorer Version 2.0. www. wittgensteincentre.org/dataexplorer (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
Defining Aging -- Speed and Level: Compounded Annual Growth, 2015-2050
ADB calculations using data from Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital. Wittgenstein Centre Data Explorer Version 2.0. www. wittgensteincentre.org/dataexplorer (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
Defining Aging -- Speed and Level: Share of Older Population, 2050
ADB calculations using data from Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital. Wittgenstein Centre Data Explorer Version 2.0. www. wittgensteincentre.org/dataexplorer (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
Average Annual Change in Employment Share by Age and Task—Selected Asian Economies: Type-1
ADB calculations using data from respective country labor force surveys: Japan (2007, 2017); the Republic of Korea (2010, 2017); Australia (2000, 2018); Bangladesh (2006, 2013); the People’s Republic of China (2000, 2015); India (2000, 2012); Indonesia (2000, 2014); Mongolia (2002, 2016); Nepal (1999, 2008); Pakistan (2002, 2013); the Philippines (2001, 2016); Sri Lanka (2004, 2014); Taipei,China (2000, 2013); Thailand (2000, 2010]; and Viet Nam (2007, 2013).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
Average Annual Change in Employment Share by Age and Task—Selected Asian Economies: Type-2
ADB calculations using data from respective country labor force surveys: Japan (2007, 2017); the Republic of Korea (2010, 2017); Australia (2000, 2018); Bangladesh (2006, 2013); the People’s Republic of China (2000, 2015); India (2000, 2012); Indonesia (2000, 2014); Mongolia (2002, 2016); Nepal (1999, 2008); Pakistan (2002, 2013); the Philippines (2001, 2016); Sri Lanka (2004, 2014); Taipei,China (2000, 2013); Thailand (2000, 2010]; and Viet Nam (2007, 2013).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
Average Annual Change in Employment Share by Age and Task—Selected Asian Economies: Type-3
ADB calculations using data from respective country labor force surveys: Japan (2007, 2017); the Republic of Korea (2010, 2017); Australia (2000, 2018); Bangladesh (2006, 2013); the People’s Republic of China (2000, 2015); India (2000, 2012); Indonesia (2000, 2014); Mongolia (2002, 2016); Nepal (1999, 2008); Pakistan (2002, 2013); the Philippines (2001, 2016); Sri Lanka (2004, 2014); Taipei,China (2000, 2013); Thailand (2000, 2010]; and Viet Nam (2007, 2013).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
Average Annual Change in Employment Share by Age and Task—Selected Asian Economies: Type-4
ADB calculations using data from respective country labor force surveys: Japan (2007, 2017); the Republic of Korea (2010, 2017); Australia (2000, 2018); Bangladesh (2006, 2013); the People’s Republic of China (2000, 2015); India (2000, 2012); Indonesia (2000, 2014); Mongolia (2002, 2016); Nepal (1999, 2008); Pakistan (2002, 2013); the Philippines (2001, 2016); Sri Lanka (2004, 2014); Taipei,China (2000, 2013); Thailand (2000, 2010]; and Viet Nam (2007, 2013).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
Potential Automation-related Job Displacement by Age Group—Selected Asian Economies
ADB calculations using data from labor force surveys of Bangladesh (2013); India (2012); the Philippines (2016); Sri Lanka (2014); and Taipei,China (2013); and McKinsey Global Institute (2017)’s technical automation potential by sector.
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
ADB calculations using data from Infocomm Media Development Authority (Singapore). Annual Survey on Infocomm Usage in Households and by Individuals. www.imda.gov.sg (accessed May 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
Internet Usage Among Older Cohorts: Republic of Korea
ADB calculations using data from Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (Japan). Information & Communications Statistics Database. http://www.soumu.go.jp/johotsusintokei/whitepaper/h30. html (accessed May 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
ADB calculations using data from Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital. Wittgenstein Centre Data Explorer Version 2.0. www. wittgensteincentre.org/dataexplorer (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
Opportunities and Challenges in Type-2 (Fast-Aging, Below Median Education) Pattern
ADB calculations using data from Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital. Wittgenstein Centre Data Explorer Version 2.0. www. wittgensteincentre.org/dataexplorer (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
Opportunities and Challenges in Type-3 (Slow-Aging, Below Median Education) Pattern
ADB calculations using data from Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital. Wittgenstein Centre Data Explorer Version 2.0. www. wittgensteincentre.org/dataexplorer (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
Opportunities and Challenges in Type-4 (Slow-Aging, Above Median Education) Pattern
ADB calculations using data from Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital. Wittgenstein Centre Data Explorer Version 2.0. www. wittgensteincentre.org/dataexplorer (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB
Summary Policy Matrix—Technology Needs by Type of Demographic Pattern and Priority
ADB calculations using data from Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital. Wittgenstein Centre Data Explorer Version 2.0. www. wittgensteincentre.org/dataexplorer (accessed June 2019).
Author:
Aiko Kikkawa Takenaka / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Raymond Gaspar / Consultant, ADB