A compilation of all figures and tables from the Asian Economic Integration Reports. Download data in CSV or follow links to view specific figure or table from the report.
ADB calculations using data from International Monetary Fund. Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Statistics. https://data.imf.org/BOP (accessed January 2022).
ADB. Asia Regional Integration Center. Asia-Pacific Regional Cooperation and Integration Index Database. https://aric.adb.org/database/arcii (accessed October 2021).
ADB. Asia Regional Integration Center. Asia-Pacific Regional Cooperation and Integration Index Database. https://aric.adb.org/database/arcii (accessed October 2021).
ADB. Asia Regional Integration Center. Asia-Pacific Regional Cooperation and Integration Index Database. https://aric.adb.org/database/arcii (accessed October 2021).
ADB. Asia Regional Integration Center. Asia-Pacific Regional Cooperation and Integration Index Database. https://aric.adb.org/database/arcii (accessed October 2021).
ADB calculations using data from International Monetary Fund (IMF). Direction of Trade Statistics. https://www.imf.org/dot (accessed July 2021); IMF. World Economic Outlook April 2021 Database. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2021/April (accessed October 2021); and United Nations downloaded from CEIC Data Company.
Sources: ADB calculations using data from CEIC Data Company; and CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis. World Trade Monitor. https://www.cpb.nl/en/world-trade-monitor-october-2021 (both accessed January 2022)
Author:
Jong Woo Kang, Principal Economist; Marife Lou Bacate, Senior Economic Analyst
Sources: ADB calculations using data from CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis. World Trade Monitor. https://www.cpb.nl/en/world-trade-monitor-october-2021 (accessed January 2022); and Haver Analytics
Author:
Jong Woo Kang, Principal Economist; Marife Lou Bacate, Senior Economic Analyst
Global business confidence versus trade Volume Growth of Asia and the Pacific
Sources: ADB calculations using data from CEIC Data Company; CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis. World Trade Monitor. https://www.cpb.nl/en/world-trade-monitor-october-2021; and OECD. Business Confidence Index (indicator). https://doi.org/10.1787/3092dc4f-en (both accessed January 2022).
Author:
Jong Woo Kang, Principal Economist; Marife Lou Bacate, Senior Economic Analyst
Sources: ADB calculations using data from Bloomberg; CEIC Data Company; Freightos. Freightos Baltic Index (FBX). https://fbx.freightos.com/ (accessed January 2022); and S&P Capital IQ Pro
Author:
Jong Woo Kang, Principal Economist; Marife Lou Bacate, Senior Economic Analyst
Sources: ADB calculations using data from CEIC Data Company; and Statista. Freightos Baltic Index. https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/1270630
Author:
Jong Woo Kang, Principal Economist; Patricia Georgina Belleza Gonzales, Economic Analyst
Source: ADB calculations using data from International Monetary Fund. Direction of Trade Statistics. https://www.imf.org/en/Data (accessed January 2022).
Author:
Jong Woo Kang, Principal Economist; Marife Lou Bacate, Senior Economic Analyst
Regional trade partners share—Asia-to-Asia and Asia-to-other Economies
ADB calculations using data from ADB. Asia Regional Integration Center FTA Database. https://aric.adb.org/fta; and World Trade Organization. Regional Trade Agreement Information System. http://rtais.wto.org (both accessed December 2021).
Author:
Jong Woo Kang, Principal Economist, Dorothea M. Ramizo, Senior Economic Analyst
Recent Regional Trade Agreements in Asia and the Pacific
Crivelli and Inama (2022) based on official RCEP tariff commitments and United Nations. Commodity Trade Database. https://comtrade.un.org (accessed October 2021)
Author:
Jong Woo Kang, Principal Economist, Pramilla Crivelli, Economist
RCEP Intraregional Import Shares in 2019 and RCEP Tariff Phasing Down Over Years
Crivelli and Inama (2022) based on official RCEP tariff commitments and United Nations. Commodity Trade Database. https://comtrade.un.org (accessed October 2021).
Author:
Jong Woo Kang, Principal Economist, Pramilla Crivelli, Economist
RCEP Initial MFN Base Rate and Tariff Reduction (% of tariff lines by phasing down type)
Crivelli and Inama (2022) based on official RCEP tariff commitments and United Nations. Commodity Trade Database. https://comtrade.un.org (both accessed October 2021)
Author:
Jong Woo Kang, Principal Economist, Pramilla Crivelli, Economist
Comparison of Restrictiveness of Product-Specific Rules of Origin
ADB calculations using data from ASEAN. ASEANstats Data Portal. https://data.aseanstats.org (accessed July 2019); CEIC Data Company; Eurostat. Balance of Payments. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat (accessed July 2021); International Monetary Fund. World Economic Outlook April 2021 database. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2021/April (accessed April 2021); and United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. World Investment Report 2021 Statistical Annex Tables. https://worldinvestmentreport.unctad.org/annex-tables/ (accessed July 2021).
Author:
Rolando Avendano / Avendano, Asian Development Bank Clemence Fatima Cruz / Cruz, Asia Regional Integration Center, Asian Development Bank
Top 10 Destinations of Foreign Direct Investment—World and Asia and the Pacific ($ billion)
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. World Investment Report 2021 Statistical Annex Tables. https://worldinvestmentreport.unctad.org/annex-tables/ (accessed July 2021).
Author:
Rolando Avendano / Avendano, Asian Development Bank Clemence Fatima Cruz / Cruz, Asia Regional Integration Center, Asian Development Bank
Foreign Direct Investment by Mode of Entry (Firm-Level Activity)—Asia and the Pacific ($ billion)
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. World Investment Report 2021 Statistical Annex Tables. https://worldinvestmentreport.unctad.org/annex-tables/ (accessed July 2021).
Author:
Rolando Avendano / Avendano, Asian Development Bank Clemence Fatima Cruz / Cruz, Asia Regional Integration Center, Asian Development Bank
Top 10 Sources of Foreign Direct Investment—World and Asia and the Pacific ($ billion)
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. World Investment Report 2021 Statistical Annex Tables. https://worldinvestmentreport.unctad.org/annex-tables/ (accessed July 2021).
Author:
Rolando Avendano / Avendano, Asian Development Bank Clemence Fatima Cruz / Cruz, Asia Regional Integration Center, Asian Development Bank
Quarterly Outward FDI from Asia and the Pacific by Mode of Entry—Firm-Level Activity, Q1 2018–Q2 2021 ($ billion)
Bureau van Dijk. Zephyr M&A Database; Financial Times. fDi Markets (both accessed May 2021); Government of Canada, Statistics Canada. Industry classifications. https://www.statcan.gc.ca/en/concepts/industry; Government of the United States, United States Census Bureau. North American Industry Classification System. https://www.census.gov/naics/ (both accessed June 2021); and Wettstein et al. (2019).
Author:
Rolando Avendano / Avendano, Asian Development Bank Clemence Fatima Cruz / Cruz, Asia Regional Integration Center, Asian Development Bank
ADB calculations using data from Bureau van Dijk. Zephyr M&A Database; and Financial Times. fDi Markets (both accessed May 2021).
Author:
Rolando Avendano / Avendano, Asian Development Bank Clemence Fatima Cruz / Cruz, Asia Regional Integration Center, Asian Development Bank Lovely Ann Tolin / ,
Inward FDI in Digital Services by Subregion and Mode of Entry ($ billion)
ADB calculations using data from Bureau van Dijk. Zephyr M&A Database; and Financial Times. fDi Markets (both accessed May 2021).
Author:
Rolando Avendano / Avendano, Asian Development Bank Clemence Fatima Cruz / Cruz, Asia Regional Integration Center, Asian Development Bank Lovely Ann Tolin / ,
Digitally and Non-Digitally Deliverable Services FDI by Asian Subregion and Mode of Entry ($ billion)
ADB calculations using data from Bureau van Dijk. Zephyr M&A Database; and Financial Times. fDi Markets (both accessed May 2021).
Author:
Rolando Avendano / Avendano, Asian Development Bank Clemence Fatima Cruz / Cruz, Asia Regional Integration Center, Asian Development Bank Lovely Ann Tolin / ,
Inward FDI in Digitally Deliverable Services by Sector and Subregion ($ billion)
ADB calculations using data from Bureau van Dijk. Zephyr M&A Database; and Financial Times. fDi Markets (both accessed May 2021).
Author:
Rolando Avendano / Avendano, Asian Development Bank Clemence Fatima Cruz / Cruz, Asia Regional Integration Center, Asian Development Bank Lovely Ann Tolin / ,
Top Digitally Deliverable Services FDI Subsectors, 2020 ($ million)
ADB calculations using data from Bureau van Dijk. Zephyr M&A Database; and Financial Times. fDi Markets (both accessed May 2021).
Author:
Rolando Avendano / Avendano, Asian Development Bank Clemence Fatima Cruz / Cruz, Asia Regional Integration Center, Asian Development Bank Lovely Ann Tolin / ,
Digitally Deliverable Services in Asia and the Pacific—FDI versus Exports ($ billion)
ADB calculations using data from Bureau van Dijk. Zephyr M&A Database; and Financial Times. fDi Markets (both accessed May 2021).
Author:
Rolando Avendano / Avendano, Asian Development Bank Clemence Fatima Cruz / Cruz, Asia Regional Integration Center, Asian Development Bank Lovely Ann Tolin / ,
Scatter Plots on GVC participation and FDI—Asia and the Pacific, 2020
ADB calculations using data from ADB. Multi-Regional Input–Output Tables version 30 June 2021; Bureau van Dijk. Zephyr M&A Database; Financial Times. fDi Markets (both accessed May 2021); and decomposition methodology of Wang, Wei, and Zhu (2013, revised 2018).
Author:
Rolando Avendano / Avendano, Asian Development Bank Clemence Fatima Cruz / Cruz, Asia Regional Integration Center, Asian Development Bank
Scatter Plots on GVC Participation and FDI in Digital Services—Asia and the Pacific, 2020
ADB calculations using data from ADB. Multi-Regional Input–Output Tables version 30 June 2021; Bureau van Dijk. Zephyr M&A Database; Financial Times. fDi Markets (both accessed May 2021); and decomposition methodology of Wang, Wei, and Zhu (2013, revised 2018).
Author:
Rolando Avendano / Avendano, Asian Development Bank Clemence Fatima Cruz / Cruz, Asia Regional Integration Center, Asian Development Bank
FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index by Sector—Asia and the Pacific
OECD. FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index Data Set. https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?datasetcode=FDIINDEX# (accessed September 2021).
Author:
Rolando Avendano / Avendano, Asian Development Bank Clemence Fatima Cruz / Cruz, Asia Regional Integration Center, Asian Development Bank Lovely Ann Tolin / ,
FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index by Type of Restriction—Asia and the Pacific
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index. https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?datasetcode=FDIINDEX# (accessed September 2021).
Author:
Rolando Avendano / Avendano, Asian Development Bank Clemence Fatima Cruz / Cruz, Asia Regional Integration Center, Asian Development Bank Lovely Ann Tolin / ,
FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index in Digitally Deliverable Services, 2020—All Types of Restrictions
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index. https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?datasetcode=FDIINDEX# (accessed September 2021).
Author:
Rolando Avendano / Avendano, Asian Development Bank Clemence Fatima Cruz / Cruz, Asia Regional Integration Center, Asian Development Bank Lovely Ann Tolin / ,
Recent Foreign Investment Measures in Digitally Deliverable Services in Asia and the Pacific
ADB calculations based on data from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index. https://https://www.oecd.org/investment/fdiindex.htm (accessed September 2021); and data from United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. Investment Policy Hub: Investment Policy Monitor. https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/investment-policy-monitor (accessed December 2021).
Author:
Rolando Avendano / Avendano, Asian Development Bank Clemence Fatima Cruz / Cruz, Asia Regional Integration Center, Asian Development Bank Lovely Ann Tolin / ,
Investment Policy Frameworks for Enhancing Digital Services FDI
ADB compilation based on UNCTAD (2017), Satyanand (2021), Stephenson (2020), and World Economic Forum (2020)
Author:
Rolando Avendano / Avendano, Asian Development Bank Clemence Fatima Cruz / Cruz, Asia Regional Integration Center, Asian Development Bank Lovely Ann Tolin / ,
Global Quarterly Inward FDI, by Mode of Entry ($ billion)
Bureau van Dijk. Zephyr M&A Database; Financial Times. fDi Markets (both accessed May 2021); Government of Canada, Statistics Canada. Industry classifications. https://www.statcan.gc.ca/en/concepts/industry; Government of the United States, United States Census Bureau. North American Industry Classification System. https://www.census.gov/naics/ (both accessed June 2021); OECD. FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index Data Set. https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?datasetcode=FDIINDEX# (accessed September 2021); and Wettstein et al. (2019).
Author:
Rolando Avendano / Avendano, Asian Development Bank Clemence Fatima Cruz / Cruz, Asia Regional Integration Center, Asian Development Bank
Financial Stress Index—Euro Area, United Kingdom, and United States
ADB calculations using data from Bloomberg; CEIC Data Company; Haver Analytics; the International Monetary Fund. International Financial Statistics. http://data.imf.org/IFS (accessed December 2021); and methodology by Park and Mercado (2014).
Author:
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
ADB calculations using data from Bloomberg; CEIC Data Company; Haver Analytics; the International Monetary Fund. International Financial Statistics. http://data.imf.org/IFS (accessed December 2021); and methodology by Park and Mercado (2014).
Author:
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
Credit Default Swaps—Selected Asian Economies (2 January 2020 = 100)
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
Cross-Currency Basis Swap Spread against the United States Dollar (basis points)
cross-currency basis swap of the local currency unit against the United States dollar
Scope:
China, People's Republic of
Japan
Malaysia
Republic of Korea
Singapore
Thailand
Period:
Daily (2019/2021)
Source:
Bloomberg.
Author:
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
Stock Price Index—Selected Asian Economies, Index (2 January 2020 = 100)
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
Stock Price Index—Selected Asian Economies, Year-to-Date Change (%, as of 27 December 2021)
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
Total Bond Return Index—Selected Asian Economies, Index (2 January 2020 = 100)
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
Total Bond Return Index—Selected Asian Economies, year-to-date change (%, as of 27 December 2021)
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
Nonresident Capital Flows—Selected Asian Economies
nonresident other investment flows: currency and deposits
nonresident other investment flows: financial derivatives
nonresident other investment flows: loans
nonresident other investment flows: trade credit and advances
nonresident portfolio debt flows
nonresident portfolio equity flows
Scope:
Asia and the Pacific
Period:
Quarterly (2018/2021)
Source:
ADB calculations using data from the International Monetary Fund. Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Statistics. Accessed from CEIC Data Company.
Author:
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
Exchange Rate, $/LCU—Selected Asian Currencies, Index (2 January 2020 = 100)
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
Exchange Rate, $/LCU—Selected Asian Currencies, Year-to-Date Change (%, as of 27 December 2021)
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
ADB calculations using data from Bloomberg; CEIC Data Company; and methodology by Lee and Park (2011).
Author:
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
ADB calculations using data from Bloomberg; CEIC Data Company; and methodology by Lee and Park (2011).
Author:
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
Change in Sectoral Debt Ratio, 2019 versus Q3 2021—Selected Asian Economies (% of GDP)
ADB calculations using data from Institute of International Finance. Global Debt Monitor November 2021. https://www.iif.com/Research/Capital-Flows-and-Debt/Global-Debt-Monitor (accessed December 2021).
Author:
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
ADB calculations using data from ADB. AsianBondsOnline. https://asianbondsonline.adb.org (accessed October 2021); and CEIC Data Company.
Author:
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
Bank NPL Ratio—Selected Asian Economies (% of total loans)
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
Share Prices of Selected Property Developers in the PRC (1 January 2021 = 100)
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
ADB calculations using data from Bank for International Settlements. Locational Banking Statistics. https://www.bis.org/statistics/bankstats.htm; International Monetary Fund (IMF). Coordinated Direct Investment Survey. https://data.imf.org/cdis (both accessed December 2021); and IMF. Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey. https://data.imf.org/cpis (accessed September 2021).
Author:
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
Sources: ADB calculations using data from Bank for International Settlements. Locational Banking Statistics. https://www.bis.org/statistics/bankstats.htm; International Monetary Fund (IMF). Coordinated Direct Investment Survey. https://data.imf.org/cdis (both accessed December 2021); and IMF. Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey. https://data.imf.org/cpis (accessed September 2021).
Author:
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
Cross-border Loan and Deposit Flows—Asia and the Pacific, Bank Claims
ADB calculations using data from the Bank for International Settlements. Locational Banking Statistics. https://www.bis.org/statistics/bankstats.htm (accessed December 2021).
Author:
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
Cross-border Loan and Deposit Flows—Asia and the Pacific, Bank Liabilities
cross-border bank liabilities loan and deposit flows
Scope:
Asia and the Pacific
Period:
Annual (2016/2020)
Source:
ADB calculations using data from the Bank for International Settlements. Locational Banking Statistics. https://www.bis.org/statistics/bankstats.htm (accessed December 2021).
Author:
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
Cross-border Liabilities—Asia and the Pacific, 2016
ADB calculations using data from Bank for International Settlements. Locational Banking Statistics. https://www.bis.org/statistics/bankstats.htm; International Monetary Fund (IMF). Coordinated Direct Investment Survey. https://data.imf.org/cdis (both accessed December 2021); and IMF. Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey. https://data.imf.org/cpis (accessed September 2021).
Author:
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
Cross-border Liabilities—Asia and the Pacific, 2020
ADB calculations using data from Bank for International Settlements. Locational Banking Statistics. https://www.bis.org/statistics/bankstats.htm; International Monetary Fund (IMF). Coordinated Direct Investment Survey. https://data.imf.org/cdis (both accessed December 2021); and IMF. Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey. https://data.imf.org/cpis (accessed September 2021).
Author:
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
Currency Composition of Asia’s International Total Investments, Total Assets 2020 (%)
International Investment Position currency composition of total assets
Scope:
Asia and the Pacific
Period:
Annual (2020/2020)
Source:
ADB calculations using data from International Monetary Fund. Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Statistics. http://data.imf.org/IIP (accessed September 2021); and Benetrix et al. (2019).
Author:
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
Currency Composition of Asia’s International Total Investments, Total Liabilities 2020 (%)
International Investment Position currency composition of total liabilities
Scope:
Asia and the Pacific
Period:
Annual (2020/2020)
Source:
ADB calculations using data from International Monetary Fund. Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Statistics. http://data.imf.org/IIP (accessed September 2021); and Benetrix et al. (2019).
Author:
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
Currency Composition of Asia’s International Debt Investments, Debt Assets 2020 (%)
International Investment Position currency composition of debt assets
Scope:
Asia and the Pacific
Period:
Annual (2020/2020)
Source:
ADB calculations using data from International Monetary Fund. Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Statistics. http://data.imf.org/IIP (accessed September 2021); and Benetrix et al. (2019).
Author:
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
Currency Composition of Asia’s International Debt Investments, Debt Liabilities 2020 (%)
International Investment Position currency composition of debt liabilities
Scope:
Asia and the Pacific
Period:
Annual (2020/2020)
Source:
ADB calculations using data from International Monetary Fund. Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Statistics. http://data.imf.org/IIP (accessed September 2021); and Benetrix et al. (2019).
Author:
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
Nonresident Capital Flows —Asia and the Pacific, by Investment Type ($ billion)
and guaranteed investment schemes flows; nonresident other accounts payable flows
insurance
nonresident capital flows; nonresident direct investment flows; nonresident portfolio debt flows; nonresident portfolio equity flows; nonresident currency and deposits flows; nonresident financial derivative flows; nonresident loan flows; nonresident trade credit and advances flows; nonresident loans
pension
Scope:
Asia and the Pacific
Period:
Annual (2000/2020)
Source:
ADB calculations using data from CEIC Data Company; International Monetary Fund. Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Statistics. http://data.imf.org/IIP (accessed October 2021); and national sources.
Author:
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
Resident Capital Flows —Asia and the Pacific, by Investment Type ($ billion)
and guaranteed investment schemes flows; resident other accounts receivable flows
insurance
pension
resident capital flows; resident direct investment flows; resident portfolio debt flows; resident portfolio equity flows; resident currency and deposits flows; resident financial derivative flows; resident loan flows; resident trade credit and advances flows; resident loans
Scope:
Asia and the Pacific
Period:
Annual (2000/2020)
Source:
ADB calculations using data from CEIC Data Company; International Monetary Fund. Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Statistics. http://data.imf.org/IIP (accessed October 2021); and national sources.
Author:
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
Nonresident Capital Flows —Asia and the Pacific, by Subregion ($ billion)
Other emerging and developing Asia nonresident capital flows
the People’s Republic of China nonresident capital flows
Scope:
ASEAN-4
Asia
China, People's Republic of
Developing Asia
India
NIEs
Period:
Annual (2000/2020)
Source:
ADB calculations using data from CEIC Data Company; International Monetary Fund. Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Statistics. http://data.imf.org/IIP (accessed October 2021); and national sources.
Author:
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
Nonresident Capital Flows—Selected Asian Economies, by Sector ($ billion)
nonfinancial corporates nonresidential capital flows
other financial corporates nonresidential capital flows
Scope:
Asia and the Pacific
Period:
Annual (2000/2020)
Source:
ADB calculation using data from Lepers and Mercado (2021).
Author:
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
Nonresident Capital Flows Volatility—Asia and the Pacific, by Instrument Type (% GDP, coefficient of variation)
foreign direct investment nonresident capital flows volatility
other investment nonresident capital flows volatility
portfolio investment nonresident capital flows volatility
Scope:
Asia and the Pacific
Period:
Annual (2001/2020)
Source:
ADB calculations using data from CEIC Data Company; International Monetary Fund. Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Statistics. http://data.imf.org/IIP (accessed October 2021); and national sources.
Author:
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
Nonresident Capital Flows Volatility—Asia and the Pacific, by Subregion (% GDP, coefficient of variation)
Other advanced Asia nonresident capital flows volatility
Other emerging and developing Asia nonresident capital flows volatility
the People’s Republic of China nonresident capital flows volatility
Scope:
ASEAN-4
Asia
China, People's Republic of
Developing Asia
India
NIEs
Period:
Annual (2001/2020)
Source:
ADB calculations using data from CEIC Data Company; International Monetary Fund. Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Statistics. http://data.imf.org/IIP (accessed October 2021); and national sources.
Author:
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
Nonresident Capital Flows Volatility—Asia and the Pacific, by Sector (% GDP, coefficient of variation)
general government nonresident capital flows volatility
nonfinancial corporates nonresidential capital flows volatility
other financial corporates nonresidential capital flows volatility
Scope:
Asia and the Pacific
Period:
Annual (2001/2020)
Source:
ADB calculations using data from International Monetary Fund. World Economic Outlook October 2021 Database. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2021/October (both accessed October 2021); and Lepers and Mercado (2021).
Author:
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
Regression Coefficients of Capital Flows Covariates—Selected Asian Economies
ADB calculations using data from Bank for International Settlements Global Liquidity Indicators. https://www.bis.org/statistics/gli.htm (accessed August 2021); Bloomberg; IMF. Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Statistics. http://data.imf.org/IIP; and IMF. World Economic Outlook Database. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2021/October (both accessed October 2021); and methodology by Committee on Global Financial System (2021).
Author:
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
Frequency of Capital Inflows Stops and Surges, Stops
ADB staff calculations using data from International Monetary Fund. Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Statistics. http://data.imf.org/IIP (accessed October 2021); and methodology by Forbes and Warnock (2021).
Author:
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
Frequency of Capital Inflows Stops and Surges, Surges
ADB staff calculations using data from International Monetary Fund. Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Statistics. http://data.imf.org/IIP (accessed October 2021); and methodology by Forbes and Warnock (2021).
Author:
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
Select Macroeconomic and Financial Variables, GDP Growth (% year-on-year)
ADB calculations using data from International Monetary Fund (IMF). Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Statistics. http://data.imf.org/IIP; and IMF. World Economic Outlook April 2021 Database. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2021/April (all accessed August 2021).
Author:
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
Select Macroeconomic and Financial Variables, Current Account Balance (% of GDP)
ADB calculations using data from International Monetary Fund (IMF). Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Statistics. http://data.imf.org/IIP; and IMF. World Economic Outlook April 2021 Database. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2021/April (all accessed August 2021).
Author:
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
Select Macroeconomic and Financial Variables, Official Reserve Assets (% of GDP)
ADB calculations using data from International Monetary Fund (IMF). Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Statistics. http://data.imf.org/IIP; and IMF. World Economic Outlook April 2021 Database. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2021/April (all accessed August 2021).
Author:
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
Select Macroeconomic and Financial Variables, Real Exchange Rate (index)
ADB calculations using data from International Monetary Fund (IMF). Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Statistics. http://data.imf.org/IIP; and IMF. International Financial Statistics. http://data.imf.org/IFS (all accessed August 2021).
Author:
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
Select Macroeconomic and Financial Variables, Fiscal Balance (% of GDP)
ADB calculations using data from International Monetary Fund (IMF). Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Statistics. http://data.imf.org/IIP; and IMF. World Economic Outlook April 2021 Database. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2021/April (all accessed August 2021).
Author:
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
Select Macroeconomic and Financial Variables, Stock Price Index
ADB calculations using data from CEIC Data Company; International Monetary Fund (IMF). Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Statistics. http://data.imf.org/IIP; and IMF. International Financial Statistics. http://data.imf.org/IFS (all accessed August 2021).
Author:
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
Policy Measures of Selected Asia and Pacific Economies (count)
International Monetary Fund. Integrated Macroprudential Policy Database. https://www.elibrary-areaer.imf.org/Macroprudential/Pages/iMaPPDatabase.aspx (accessed 2019); and Lepers and Mehigan (2019).
Author:
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
ADB calculations using data from International Monetary Fund (IMF). Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Statistics. Accessed from CEIC Data Company; and IMF. World Economic Outlook April 2021 Database. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weodatabase/2021/April (accessed August 2021).
Author:
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
Nonresident Capital Flows—Selected Asian Economies and Subregions, by Investment Type, People’s Republic of China ($ billion)
and guaranteed investment schemes flows; nonresident other accounts payable flows
insurance
nonresident capital flows; nonresident direct investment flows; nonresident portfolio debt flows; nonresident portfolio equity flows; nonresident currency and deposits flows; nonresident financial derivative flows; nonresident loan flows; nonresident trade credit and advances flows; nonresident loans
pension
Scope:
China, People's Republic of
Period:
Annual (2000/2020)
Source:
ADB calculations using data from CEIC Data Company; and International Monetary Fund. Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Statistics. http://data.imf.org/IIP (accessed October 2021).
Author:
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
Nonresident Capital Flows—Selected Asian Economies and Subregions, by Investment Type, India ($ billion)
and guaranteed investment schemes flows; nonresident other accounts payable flows
insurance
nonresident capital flows; nonresident direct investment flows; nonresident portfolio debt flows; nonresident portfolio equity flows; nonresident currency and deposits flows; nonresident financial derivative flows; nonresident loan flows; nonresident trade credit and advances flows; nonresident loans
pension
Scope:
India
Period:
Annual (2000/2020)
Source:
ADB calculations using data from International Monetary Fund. Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Statistics. http://data.imf.org/IIP (accessed October 2021).
Author:
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
Nonresident Capital Flows—Selected Asian Economies and Subregions, by Investment Type, Japan ($ billion)
and guaranteed investment schemes flows; nonresident other accounts payable flows
insurance
nonresident capital flows; nonresident direct investment flows; nonresident portfolio debt flows; nonresident portfolio equity flows; nonresident currency and deposits flows; nonresident financial derivative flows; nonresident loan flows; nonresident trade credit and advances flows; nonresident loans
pension
Scope:
Japan
Period:
Annual (2000/2020)
Source:
ADB calculations using data from International Monetary Fund. Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Statistics. http://data.imf.org/IIP (accessed October 2021).
Author:
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
Nonresident Capital Flows—Selected Asian Economies and Subregions, by Investment Type, Newly Industrialized Economies ($ billion)
and guaranteed investment schemes flows; nonresident other accounts payable flows
insurance
nonresident capital flows; nonresident direct investment flows; nonresident portfolio debt flows; nonresident portfolio equity flows; nonresident currency and deposits flows; nonresident financial derivative flows; nonresident loan flows; nonresident trade credit and advances flows; nonresident loans
pension
Scope:
New Zealand
Period:
Annual (2000/2020)
Source:
ADB calculations using data from CEIC Data Company; International Monetary Fund. Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Statistics. http://data.imf.org/IIP (accessed October 2021); and national sources.
Author:
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
Nonresident Capital Flows—Selected Asian Economies and Subregions, by Investment Type, ASEAN4 ($ billion)
and guaranteed investment schemes flows; nonresident other accounts payable flows
insurance
nonresident capital flows; nonresident direct investment flows; nonresident portfolio debt flows; nonresident portfolio equity flows; nonresident currency and deposits flows; nonresident financial derivative flows; nonresident loan flows; nonresident trade credit and advances flows; nonresident loans
pension
Scope:
ASEAN-4
Period:
Annual (2000/2020)
Source:
ADB calculations using data from International Monetary Fund. Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Statistics. http://data.imf.org/IIP (accessed October 2021).
Author:
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
Nonresident Capital Flows—Selected Asian Economies and Subregions, by Investment Type, Other Emerging and Developing Asia ($ billion)
and guaranteed investment schemes flows; nonresident other accounts payable flows
insurance
nonresident capital flows; nonresident direct investment flows; nonresident portfolio debt flows; nonresident portfolio equity flows; nonresident currency and deposits flows; nonresident financial derivative flows; nonresident loan flows; nonresident trade credit and advances flows; nonresident loans
pension
Scope:
Oman
Period:
Annual (2000/2020)
Source:
ADB calculations using data from International Monetary Fund. Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Statistics. http://data.imf.org/IIP (accessed October 2021).
Author:
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
Nonresident Capital Flows—Selected Asian Economies and Subregions, by Sector, People’s Republic of China ($ billion)
nonfinancial corporates nonresidential capital flows
other financial corporates nonresidential capital flows
Scope:
China, People's Republic of
Period:
Annual (2000/2020)
Source:
ADB calculations using data from Lepers and Mercado (2021).
Author:
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
Nonresident Capital Flows—Selected Asian Economies and Subregions, by Sector, India ($ billion)
nonfinancial corporates nonresidential capital flows
other financial corporates nonresidential capital flows
Scope:
India
Period:
Annual (2000/2020)
Source:
ADB calculations using data from Lepers and Mercado (2021).
Author:
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
Nonresident Capital Flows—Selected Asian Economies and Subregions, by Sector, Japan ($ billion)
nonfinancial corporates nonresidential capital flows
other financial corporates nonresidential capital flows
Scope:
Japan
Period:
Annual (2000/2020)
Source:
ADB calculations using data from Lepers and Mercado (2021).
Author:
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
Nonresident Capital Flows—Selected Asian Economies and Subregions, by Sector, ASEAN4 ($ billion)
nonfinancial corporates nonresidential capital flows
other financial corporates nonresidential capital flows
Scope:
ASEAN-4
Period:
Annual (2000/2020)
Source:
ADB calculations using data from Lepers and Mercado (2021).
Author:
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
Nonresident Capital Flows—Selected Asian Economies and Subregions, by Sector, Other Emerging and Developing Asia ($ billion)
nonfinancial corporates nonresidential capital flows
other financial corporates nonresidential capital flows
Scope:
Oman
Period:
Annual (2000/2020)
Source:
ADB calculations using data from Lepers and Mercado (2021).
Author:
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
ADB staff calculations using data from International Monetary Fund. Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Statistics. http://data.imf.org/IIP (accessed October 2021); and methodology by Forbes and Warnock (2021).
Author:
Mercado, Rogelio / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Lapid, Ana Kristel M. / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB; Sy, Dominique Hannah. A. / Economic Analyst, ADB.
International Migrant Stock and Asia’s Shares—a: International outmigrants
ADB calculations using data from United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. International Migrant Stock 2020. https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/content/international-migrant-stock (accessed May 2021).
Author:
Kijin Kim / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Ma. Concepcion Latoja / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB.
International Migrants by Origin and Destination—b: In top 10 destinations, by sex
stock of international migrants in top 10 destinations
Source:
ADB calculations using data from United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. International Migrant Stock 2020. https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/content/international-migrant-stock (accessed May 2021).
Author:
Kijin Kim / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Ma. Concepcion Latoja / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB.
ADB calculations using data from United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. International Migrant Stock 2020. https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/content/international-migrant-stock (accessed May 2021).
Author:
Kijin Kim / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Ma. Concepcion Latoja / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB.
Outmigrants from Asian Subregions—b: By regional destination, 2020
ADB calculations using data from United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. International Migrant Stock 2020. https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/content/international-migrant-stock (accessed May 2021).
Author:
Kijin Kim / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Ma. Concepcion Latoja / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB.
Top 10 Sources of Migrants from Asia and the Pacific
ADB calculations using data from United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. International Migrant Stock 2020. https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/content/international-migrant-stock (accessed May 2021).
Author:
Kijin Kim / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Ma. Concepcion Latoja / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB.
Migrant Flows from Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan, 2020 and 2019
Government of Bangladesh, Bureau of Manpower, Employment, and Training Statistical Reports. http://www.old.bmet.gov.bd/BMET/stattisticalDataAction; Government of India, Ministry of External Affairs. Performance Smartboard. http://meadashboard.gov.in/indi
Author:
Kijin Kim / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Ma. Concepcion Latoja / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB.
Top-10 Economies Hosting Asian Migrants and COVID-19 Cases
Kijin Kim / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Ma. Concepcion Latoja / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB.
Contributor:
ADB calculations using data from United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. International Migrant Stock 2020. https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/content/international-migrant-stock (accessed May 2021); and Ritchie
Intraregional Migration in Asia and the Pacific—a: Trend over time
ADB calculations using data from United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. International Migrant Stock 2020. https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/content/international-migrant-stock (accessed May 2021).
Author:
Kijin Kim / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Ma. Concepcion Latoja / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB.
Intraregional Migration in Asia and the Pacific—b: By subregion
ADB calculations using data from Government of Australia, Department of Home Affairs. https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/ (accessed November 2021); Government of Canada, Employment and Social Development Canada. Quarterly Labour Market Impact Assessment Stati
Author:
Kijin Kim / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Ma. Concepcion Latoja / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB.
Worker Visas Issued to Asian Migrants by Selected Migrant Host Countries—b: Saudi Arabia
ADB calculations using data from Government of Australia, Department of Home Affairs. https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/ (accessed November 2021); Government of Canada, Employment and Social Development Canada. Quarterly Labour Market Impact Assessment Stati
Author:
Kijin Kim / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Ma. Concepcion Latoja / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB.
Employment Distribution of Migrants by Level of Skills (%)
ADB calculations using data from International Labour Organization Statistical Database (ILOStat). https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/ (accessed 27 July 2021).
Author:
Kijin Kim / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Ma. Concepcion Latoja / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB.
Share of Migrants 2020—a: % Population in Destination Regions
migrants as % of population; remittances as % of GDP
Period:
Annual (2020/2020)
Source:
ADB calculations using data from United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. International Migrant Stock 2020. https:// www.un.org/development/desa/pd/content/international-migrant-stock (accessed May 2021); United Natio
Author:
Kijin Kim / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Ma. Concepcion Latoja / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB.
Contributor:
Zemma Ardaniel / Research Associate, ADB
Remittance Inflows to Asia and the Pacific and the World
ADB calculations using data from Global Knowledge Partnership on Migration and Development (KNOMAD). Remittances Data. http://www.knomad.org/data/remittances (accessed November 2021).
Author:
Kijin Kim / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Ma. Concepcion Latoja / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB.
Remittance Inflows by Recipient Region, 2020 and 2021
ADB calculations using data from Global Knowledge Partnership on Migration and Development (KNOMAD). Remittances Data. http://www.knomad.org/data/remittances (accessed November 2021).
Author:
Kijin Kim / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Ma. Concepcion Latoja / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB.
ADB calculations using data from Global Knowledge Partnership on Migration and Development (KNOMAD). Remittances Data. http://www.knomad.org/data/remittances (accessed May 2021); and World Bank. World Development Indicators Database. https://databank.worl
Author:
Kijin Kim / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Ma. Concepcion Latoja / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB.
Remittance Inflows to Asian Subregions, 2020 and 2021
ADB calculations using data from Global Knowledge Partnership on Migration and Development (KNOMAD). Remittances Data. http://www.knomad.org/data/remittances (accessed November 2021).
Author:
Kijin Kim / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Ma. Concepcion Latoja / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB.
Trend of Remittance Inflows to Asia and Subregions (year-on-year, %)
ADB calculations using data from Global Knowledge Partnership on Migration and Development (KNOMAD). Remittances Data. http://www.knomad.org/data/ remittances (accessed May 2021); and International Monetary Fund. World Economic Outlook April 2021 Database
Author:
Kijin Kim / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Ma. Concepcion Latoja / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB.
Top-10 Remittance-Recipient Economies in Asia and the Pacific, 2020—b: % of GDP
ADB calculations using data from Global Knowledge Partnership on Migration and Development (KNOMAD). Remittances Data. http://www.knomad.org/data/ remittances (accessed May 2021); and International Monetary Fund. World Economic Outlook April 2021 Database
Author:
Kijin Kim / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Ma. Concepcion Latoja / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB.
Average Total Cost of Remitting $200 (%)—a: Quarterly trend, 2017 to 2021
ADB calculations using data from CEIC Data Company; and World Health Organization. WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. https://covid19.who.int (accessed November 2021).
Author:
Sanchita Basu-Das / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Ma. Concepcion Latoja / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB.
ADB calculations using data from Hale et al. Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker, Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford. https://github.com/OxCGRT/covid-policy-tracker/tree/master/data/timeseries (accessed December 2021).
Author:
Sanchita Basu-Das / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Ma. Concepcion Latoja / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB.
International Tourist Arrivals by Region of Destination
ADB calculations using data from Maldives Monetary Authority. Statistics Database. https://database.mma.gov.mv/ (accessed November 2021); Pacific Tourism Organisation (2020, 2021); UNWTO. International Tourism and COVID-19. https://www.unwto.org/international-tourism-and-covid-19; and UNWTO. UNWTO Tourism Data Dashboard. https://www.unwto.org/unwto-tourism-dashboard (both accessed October 2021).
Author:
Sanchita Basu-Das / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Ma. Concepcion Latoja / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB.
International Tourist Receipts by Region of Destination—b: 2020 ($ billion)
ADB calculations using data from Maldives Monetary Authority. Statistics Database. https://database.mma.gov.mv/ (accessed November 2021); Pacific Tourism Organisation (2020, 2021); UNWTO. International Tourism and COVID-19. https://www.unwto.org/international-tourism-and-covid-19; and UNWTO. UNWTO Tourism Data Dashboard. https://www.unwto.org/unwto-tourism-dashboard (both accessed October 2021).
Author:
Sanchita Basu-Das / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Ma. Concepcion Latoja / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB.
International Tourist Arrivals and Tourism Receipts in Asia by Subregion
international tourist arrivals; international tourism receipts
Source:
ADB calculations using data from Maldives Monetary Authority. Statistics Database. https://database.mma.gov.mv/ (accessed November 2021); Pacific Tourism Organisation (2020, 2021); UNWTO. International Tourism and COVID-19. https://www.unwto.org/international-tourism-and-covid-19; and UNWTO. UNWTO Tourism Data Dashboard. https://www.unwto.org/unwto-tourism-dashboard (both accessed October 2021).
Author:
Sanchita Basu-Das / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Ma. Concepcion Latoja / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB.
Top-10 Recipients of International Tourism Receipts, 2019 and 2020—a: $ billion
ADB calculations using data from International Monetary Fund. World Economic Outlook April 2021 Database. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weodatabase/2021/April (accessed May 2021); Maldives Monetary Authority. Statistics Database. https://database.mma.gov.mv/ (accessed November 2021); Pacific Tourism Organisation (2020, 2021); United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. World Population Prospects 2019. https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/ (accessed May 2021). UNWTO. International Tourism and COVID-19. https://www.unwto.org/international-tourism-and-covid-19; and UNWTO. UNWTO Tourism Data Dashboard. https://www.unwto.org/unwto-tourism-dashboard (both accessed October 2021).
Author:
Sanchita Basu-Das / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Ma. Concepcion Latoja / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB.
Top-10 Recipients of International Tourism Receipts, 2019 and 2021—b: % of GDP
ADB calculations using data from International Monetary Fund. World Economic Outlook April 2021 Database. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weodatabase/2021/April (accessed May 2021); Maldives Monetary Authority. Statistics Database. https://database.mma.gov.mv/ (accessed November 2021); Pacific Tourism Organisation (2020, 2021); United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. World Population Prospects 2019. https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/ (accessed May 2021). UNWTO. International Tourism and COVID-19. https://www.unwto.org/international-tourism-and-covid-19; and UNWTO. UNWTO Tourism Data Dashboard. https://www.unwto.org/unwto-tourism-dashboard (both accessed October 2021).
Author:
Sanchita Basu-Das / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Ma. Concepcion Latoja / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB.
Top-10 Recipients of International Tourism Receipts, 2019 and 2022—c: Per capita
ADB calculations using data from International Monetary Fund. World Economic Outlook April 2021 Database. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weodatabase/2021/April (accessed May 2021); Maldives Monetary Authority. Statistics Database. https://database.mma.gov.mv/ (accessed November 2021); Pacific Tourism Organisation (2020, 2021); United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. World Population Prospects 2019. https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/ (accessed May 2021). UNWTO. International Tourism and COVID-19. https://www.unwto.org/international-tourism-and-covid-19; and UNWTO. UNWTO Tourism Data Dashboard. https://www.unwto.org/unwto-tourism-dashboard (both accessed October 2021).
Author:
Sanchita Basu-Das / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Ma. Concepcion Latoja / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB.
ADB compilation based on Agenda.ge (2020); Firn (2021); Government of Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan Tourism Board. https://tourismboard.az/ (accessed October2021); Government of Indonesia, Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy/ Tourism and Creative Economy Ag
Author:
Sanchita Basu-Das / Economist, Asian Development Bank (ADB); Ma. Concepcion Latoja / Senior Economic Analyst, ADB.
COVID-19 Cases and People Vaccinated in Asia (% of population)
Consolidated by Paulo Rodelio Halili and Josephine Duque-Comia and based on contributions by regional departments of ADB: Saad Abdullah Paracha and Xinglan Hu (Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation subsection); Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) Secretariat (GMS subsection); Dorothea Lazaro and Loreli de Dios (East Asia subsection); Thiam Hee Ng, Tadateru Hayashi, Aileen Pangilinan, Esnerjames Fernandez, Jesusito Tranquilino, and Leticia de Leon (South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation subsection); and Cara Tinio, Ki-Fung Kelvin Lam, Inez Mikkelsen-Lopez, Remrick Patagan, and Rommel Rabanal (Pacific subsection)
CAREC Investments by Sector, as of 31 December 2020 ($ billion)
Consolidated by Paulo Rodelio Halili and Josephine Duque-Comia and based on contributions by regional departments of ADB: Saad Abdullah Paracha and Xinglan Hu (Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation subsection); Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) Secretariat (GMS subsection); Dorothea Lazaro and Loreli de Dios (East Asia subsection); Thiam Hee Ng, Tadateru Hayashi, Aileen Pangilinan, Esnerjames Fernandez, Jesusito Tranquilino, and Leticia de Leon (South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation subsection); and Cara Tinio, Ki-Fung Kelvin Lam, Inez Mikkelsen-Lopez, Remrick Patagan, and Rommel Rabanal (Pacific subsection)
Consolidated by Paulo Rodelio Halili and Josephine Duque-Comia and based on contributions by regional departments of ADB: Saad Abdullah Paracha and Xinglan Hu (Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation subsection); Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) Secretariat (GMS subsection); Dorothea Lazaro and Loreli de Dios (East Asia subsection); Thiam Hee Ng, Tadateru Hayashi, Aileen Pangilinan, Esnerjames Fernandez, Jesusito Tranquilino, and Leticia de Leon (South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation subsection); and Cara Tinio, Ki-Fung Kelvin Lam, Inez Mikkelsen-Lopez, Remrick Patagan, and Rommel Rabanal (Pacific subsection)
Consolidated by Paulo Rodelio Halili and Josephine Duque-Comia and based on contributions by regional departments of ADB: Saad Abdullah Paracha and Xinglan Hu (Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation subsection); Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) Secretariat (GMS subsection); Dorothea Lazaro and Loreli de Dios (East Asia subsection); Thiam Hee Ng, Tadateru Hayashi, Aileen Pangilinan, Esnerjames Fernandez, Jesusito Tranquilino, and Leticia de Leon (South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation subsection); and Cara Tinio, Ki-Fung Kelvin Lam, Inez Mikkelsen-Lopez, Remrick Patagan, and Rommel Rabanal (Pacific subsection)
SASEC Investment by Volume and Financier, 2001–2021 ($ million)
Consolidated by Paulo Rodelio Halili and Josephine Duque-Comia and based on contributions by regional departments of ADB: Saad Abdullah Paracha and Xinglan Hu (Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation subsection); Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) Secretariat (GMS subsection); Dorothea Lazaro and Loreli de Dios (East Asia subsection); Thiam Hee Ng, Tadateru Hayashi, Aileen Pangilinan, Esnerjames Fernandez, Jesusito Tranquilino, and Leticia de Leon (South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation subsection); and Cara Tinio, Ki-Fung Kelvin Lam, Inez Mikkelsen-Lopez, Remrick Patagan, and Rommel Rabanal (Pacific subsection)
Consolidated by Paulo Rodelio Halili and Josephine Duque-Comia and based on contributions by regional departments of ADB: Saad Abdullah Paracha and Xinglan Hu (Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation subsection); Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) Secretariat (GMS subsection); Dorothea Lazaro and Loreli de Dios (East Asia subsection); Thiam Hee Ng, Tadateru Hayashi, Aileen Pangilinan, Esnerjames Fernandez, Jesusito Tranquilino, and Leticia de Leon (South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation subsection); and Cara Tinio, Ki-Fung Kelvin Lam, Inez Mikkelsen-Lopez, Remrick Patagan, and Rommel Rabanal (Pacific subsection)
COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage (% of total population)
Consolidated by Paulo Rodelio Halili and Josephine Duque-Comia and based on contributions by regional departments of ADB: Saad Abdullah Paracha and Xinglan Hu (Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation subsection); Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) Secretariat (GMS subsection); Dorothea Lazaro and Loreli de Dios (East Asia subsection); Thiam Hee Ng, Tadateru Hayashi, Aileen Pangilinan, Esnerjames Fernandez, Jesusito Tranquilino, and Leticia de Leon (South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation subsection); and Cara Tinio, Ki-Fung Kelvin Lam, Inez Mikkelsen-Lopez, Remrick Patagan, and Rommel Rabanal (Pacific subsection)
CPRO Committed Amount by Region, as of November 2021 ($ billion)
Countercyclical Support Facility COVID-19 Pandemic Response Option
Scope:
Asia
Central African Republic
East Asia
South Asia
Southeast Asia
The Pacific
Author:
Consolidated by Paulo Rodelio Halili and Josephine Duque-Comia and based on contributions by regional departments of ADB: Saad Abdullah Paracha and Xinglan Hu (Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation subsection); Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) Secretariat (GMS subsection); Dorothea Lazaro and Loreli de Dios (East Asia subsection); Thiam Hee Ng, Tadateru Hayashi, Aileen Pangilinan, Esnerjames Fernandez, Jesusito Tranquilino, and Leticia de Leon (South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation subsection); and Cara Tinio, Ki-Fung Kelvin Lam, Inez Mikkelsen-Lopez, Remrick Patagan, and Rommel Rabanal (Pacific subsection)
APVAX Committed Amount by Region, as of November 2021 ($ billion)
Consolidated by Paulo Rodelio Halili and Josephine Duque-Comia and based on contributions by regional departments of ADB: Saad Abdullah Paracha and Xinglan Hu (Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation subsection); Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) Secretariat (GMS subsection); Dorothea Lazaro and Loreli de Dios (East Asia subsection); Thiam Hee Ng, Tadateru Hayashi, Aileen Pangilinan, Esnerjames Fernandez, Jesusito Tranquilino, and Leticia de Leon (South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation subsection); and Cara Tinio, Ki-Fung Kelvin Lam, Inez Mikkelsen-Lopez, Remrick Patagan, and Rommel Rabanal (Pacific subsection)
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), World Trade Organization (WTO), and International Monetary Fund (IMF). 2019. Handbook on Measurin.g Digital Trade. Paris: OECD Publishing
Author:
Antonella Liberatore, Statistician, OECD; Rolando Avendano, Economist, ADB; and Won Hee Cho, Consultant, ADB
Based on Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), World Trade Organization (WTO), and International Monetary Fund (IMF). 2019. Handbook on Measurin.g Digital Trade. Paris: OECD Publishing
Author:
Antonella Liberatore, Statistician, OECD; Rolando Avendano, Economist, ADB; and Won Hee Cho, Consultant, ADB
Measuring Trade in Digital Services: A Schematic View on Possible Proxies
Digitally Deliverable Services Exports; Income Per Capita
Scope:
Africa
Asia and the Pacific
Europe
Laos
Middle East
North America
Period:
Annual (2019/2019)
Source:
ADB calculations using WTO-OECD Balanced Trade in Services Dataset (BaTIS)—BPM6. https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/trade_datasets_e.htm; and World Bank. World Development Indicators. https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators (both accessed August 2021).
Author:
Antonella Liberatore, Statistician, OECD; Rolando Avendano, Economist, ADB; Lovely Ann Tolin, Consultant, ADB; and Won Hee Cho, Consultant, ADB
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). UNCTADStat: WTO–UNCTAD (BPM6) International Trade in Services Annual Dataset. https://unctadstat.unctad.org/ (accessed July 2021).
Author:
Antonella Liberatore, Statistician, OECD; Rolando Avendano, Economist, ADB; and Won Hee Cho, Consultant, ADB
Shares of Digitally Deliverable Services Trade, 2019 (%)
ADB calculations using WTO–OECD Balanced Trade in Services Dataset (BaTIS)—BPM6. https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/trade_datasets_e.htm (accessed May 2021).
Author:
Antonella Liberatore, Statistician, OECD; Rolando Avendano, Economist, ADB; and Won Hee Cho, Consultant, ADB
Intraregional and Extraregional Trade in Services in Asia and the Pacific ($ billion)
Trade in Digitally Deliverable Services; Trade in Non-Digitally Deliverable Services
Scope:
Asia and the Pacific
Republika Srpska
World
Period:
Annual (2005/2020)
Source:
ADB calculations using United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). UNCTADStat: WTO–UNCTAD (BPM6) International Trade in Services Annual Dataset. https://unctadstat.unctad.org/ (accessed July 2021).
Author:
Antonella Liberatore, Statistician, OECD; Rolando Avendano, Economist, ADB; and Won Hee Cho, Consultant, ADB
Average Annual Growth in Services Trade, 2005–2020 (%)
ADB calculations using United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). UNCTADStat: WTO–UNCTAD (BPM6) International Trade in Services Annual Dataset. https://unctadstat.unctad.org/ (accessed July 2021).
Trade in Services; Trade in Digitally Deliverable Services; Trade in Non-Digitally Deliverable Services
Scope:
Asia and the Pacific
Period:
Annual (2005/2020)
Source:
ADB calculations using United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). UNCTADStat: WTO-UNCTAD (BPM6) International Trade in Services Annual Dataset. https://unctadstat.unctad.org/ (accessed July 2021).
Author:
Antonella Liberatore, Statistician, OECD; Rolando Avendano, Economist, ADB; and Won Hee Cho, Consultant, ADB
Trade in Digitally Deliverable Services of Developing Asia, by Subregion ($ billion)
Exports and Imports in Digitally Deliverable Services
Scope:
Central Asia
Developing Asia
East Asia
Oman
South Asia
Southeast Asia
Period:
Annual (2005/2020)
Source:
Source: ADB calculations using United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). UNCTADStat: WTO-UNCTAD (BPM6) International Trade in Services Annual Dataset. https://unctadstat.unctad.org/ (accessed July 2021).
Author:
Antonella Liberatore, Statistician, OECD; Rolando Avendano, Economist, ADB; and Won Hee Cho, Consultant, ADB
Digitally Deliverable Services Exports to Asia and the Pacific ($ million)
Exports and Imports in Digitally Deliverable Services
Scope:
Asia and the Pacific
Period:
Annual (2020/2020)
Source:
ADB calculations using United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). UNCTADStat: WTO-UNCTAD (BPM6) International Trade in Services Annual Dataset. https://unctadstat.unctad.org/ (accessed July 2021).
Author:
Antonella Liberatore, Statistician, OECD; Rolando Avendano, Economist, ADB; and Won Hee Cho, Consultant, ADB
Trade in Services in Asia and the Pacific, by Sector ($ billion)
Sectoral Trade in Services in Asia and the Pacific
Scope:
Asia and the Pacific
Period:
Annual (2005/2020)
Source:
Source: ADB calculations using United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). UNCTADStat: WTO-UNCTAD (BPM6) International Trade in Services Annual Dataset. https://unctadstat.unctad.org/ (accessed July 2021).
Trade in Services in Asia and the Pacific, by Sector Breakdown ($ billion)
Sectoral Trade in Services in Asia and the Pacific
Scope:
Asia and the Pacific
Source:
Source: ADB calculations using United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). UNCTADStat: WTO-UNCTAD (BPM6) International Trade in Services Annual Dataset. https://unctadstat.unctad.org/ (accessed July 2021).
Author:
Antonella Liberatore, Statistician, OECD; Rolando Avendano, Economist, ADB; and Won Hee Cho, Consultant, ADB
Trade in Digitally Deliverable Services in Asia and the Pacific, by Service Item
Sectoral Trade in Digitally Deliverable Services in Asia and the Pacific
Scope:
Asia and the Pacific
Period:
Annual (2005/2020)
Source:
ADB illustration using United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). UNCTADStat: WTO–UNCTAD (BPM6) International Trade in Services Annual Dataset. https://unctadstat.unctad.org/ (accessed July 2021).
Author:
Antonella Liberatore, Statistician, OECD; Rolando Avendano, Economist, ADB; and Won Hee Cho, Consultant, ADB
Digitally Deliverable Services Trade in Asian Subregions (% share)
Source: ADB calculations using United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). UNCTADStat: WTO-UNCTAD (BPM6) International Trade in Services Annual Dataset. https://unctadstat.unctad.org/ (accessed July 2021).
Author:
Antonella Liberatore, Statistician, OECD; Rolando Avendano, Economist, ADB; and Won Hee Cho, Consultant, ADB
Trade in Digitally Deliverable Services in Asia and the Pacific, by Mode of Supply ($ billion)
Trade in Digitally Deliverable Service by Mode of Supply
Scope:
Asia and the Pacific
Period:
Annual (2005/2017)
Source:
Source: WTO and Directorate-General for Trade of the European Commission. TISMOS. https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/trade_datasets_e.htm (accessed July 2021).
Author:
Antonella Liberatore, Statistician, OECD; Rolando Avendano, Economist, ADB; and Won Hee Cho, Consultant, ADB
Asia’s Largest Digitally Deliverable Services Subsectors, by Mode of Supply
Sectoral Trade in Digitally Deliverable Service by Mode of Supply
Scope:
Asia and the Pacific
Period:
Annual (2017/2017)
Source:
Source: WTO and Directorate-General for Trade of the European Commission. Trade in Services Data by Mode of Supply (TISMOS). https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/ statis_e/trade_datasets_e.htm (accessed July 2021).
Author:
Antonella Liberatore, Statistician, OECD; Rolando Avendano, Economist, ADB; and Won Hee Cho, Consultant, ADB
Average Annual Growth of Services Trade by Region, 2005–2020 (%)
Trade in Services; Trade in Digitally Deliverable Services; Trade in Non-Digitally Deliverable Services
Scope:
Africa
Asia and the Pacific
Europe
Laos
Middle East
North America
Period:
Annual (2005/2020)
Source:
Source: ADB calculations using United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). UNCTADStat: WTO-UNCTAD (BPM6) International Trade in Services Annual Dataset. https://unctadstat.unctad.org/ (accessed July 2021).
Author:
Jong Woo Kang, Principal Economist, ADB; Rolando Avendano, Economist, ADB; and Mara Tayag, Senior Economic Officer, ADB
Revealed Comparative Advantage for Digitally Deliverable Services
Source: ADB calculations using WTO–OECD Balanced Trade in Services Dataset (BaTIS)–BPM6. https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/trade_datasets_e.htm (accessed May 2021); and World Bank. World Development Indicators. https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators (both accessed July 2021).
Author:
Jong Woo Kang, Principal Economist, ADB; Rolando Avendano, Economist, ADB; Pramila Crivelli, Economist, ADB; Dominique Sy, Consultant, ADB; Won Hee Cho, Consultant, ADB
Binned Scatterplots for Expected Years of Schooling, 2019
ADB calculations using WTO-OECD Balanced Trade in Services Dataset (BaTIS)—BPM6. https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/trade_datasets_e.htm; and United Nations Development Programme. Human Development Index. http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/human-development-index-hdi (both accessed July 2021).
ADB calculations using WTO–OECD Balanced Trade in Services Dataset (BaTIS)—BPM6. https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/trade_datasets_e.htm; and International Telecommunication Unit. ICT Statistics. https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Pages/stat/default.aspx (both accessed July 2021).
Binned Scatterplots for Investments in Telecommunications, 2019
ADB calculations using WTO-OECD Balanced Trade in Services Dataset (BaTIS)—BPM6. https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/trade_datasets_e.htm; and International Telecommunication Unit. ICT Statistics. https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Pages/stat/default.aspx (both accessed July 2021).
Binned Scatterplots for State Control Over Internet Access, 2019
Sources: ADB calculations based on WTO-OECD Balanced Trade in Services Dataset (BaTIS)—BPM6. https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/trade_datasets_e.htm; and CATO Institute. Human Freedom Index. https://www.cato.org/human-freedom-index/2020 (both accessed July 2021).
GVC Forward Linkages as a Percentage of Gross Exports for Digitally Delivered Services Sectors—Asian Economies (%)
Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Digital Services Trade Restrictiveness Index. https://stats.oecd.org/Index. aspx?DataSetCode=STRI_DIGITAL (accessed October 2021).
Number of Data Localization Policies, Local Storage Requirements, and Conditional Flow Regimes Imposed by Asian and Other Economies, 2019